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သစ္ထူးလြင္ (က်န္းမာေရး)
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url('http://static.myopenads.com/banners/zawgyi-one-webfont.svg#zawgyi-oneregular') format('svg');
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
</style>
<style id='page-skin-1' type='text/css'><!--
/*
-----------------------------------------------
Blogger Template Style
Name : THIT HTOO LWIN
Author : THIT HTOO LWIN
URL Author : http://www.thithtoolwin.com/
Published : THIT HTOO LWIN
Url Published : http://www.thithtoolwin.com/
Updated by: Blogger Team
----------------------------------------------- */
/* Variable definitions
====================
<Variable name="bgcolor" description="Page Background Color"
type="color" default="#fff">
<Variable name="textcolor" description="Text Color"
type="color" default="#333">
<Variable name="linkcolor" description="Link Color"
type="color" default="#58a">
<Variable name="linkhover" description="Link Hover Color"
type="color" default="#58a">
<Variable name="pagetitlecolor" description="Blog Title Color"
type="color" default="#666">
<Variable name="descriptioncolor" description="Blog Description Color"
type="color" default="#999">
<Variable name="titlecolor" description="Post Title Color"
type="color" default="#c60">
<Variable name="bordercolor" description="Border Color"
type="color" default="#ccc">
<Variable name="sidebarcolor" description="Sidebar Title Color"
type="color" default="#999">
<Variable name="sidebartextcolor" description="Sidebar Text Color"
type="color" default="#666">
<Variable name="visitedlinkcolor" description="Visited Link Color"
type="color" default="#999">
<Variable name="bodyfont" description="Text Font"
type="font" default="normal normal 100% Georgia, Serif">
<Variable name="headerfont" description="Sidebar Title Font"
type="font"
default="normal normal 78% 'Trebuchet MS',Trebuchet,Arial,Verdana,Sans-serif">
<Variable name="pagetitlefont" description="Blog Title Font"
type="font"
default="normal normal 200% Georgia, Serif">
<Variable name="descriptionfont" description="Blog Description Font"
type="font"
default="normal normal 78% 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Arial, Verdana, Sans-serif">
<Variable name="postfooterfont" description="Post Footer Font"
type="font"
default="normal normal 78% 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Arial, Verdana, Sans-serif">
<Variable name="startSide" description="Side where text starts in blog language"
type="automatic" default="left">
<Variable name="endSide" description="Side where text ends in blog language"
type="automatic" default="right">
*/
/* Use this with templates/template-twocol.html */
#navbar, #navbar-iframe{display:none;height:0;visibility:hidden}
body {
background:#ffffff;
margin:0;
color:#000000;
font:x-small Georgia Serif;
font-size/* */:/**/small;
font-size: /**/small;
text-align: center;
}
a:link {
color:#2288bb;
text-decoration:none;
}
a:visited {
color:#2288bb;
text-decoration:none;
}
a:hover {
color:#33aaff;
text-decoration:underline;
}
a img {
border-width:0;
}
/* Top-Wrapper
----------------------------------------------- */
#top-wrapper {
background: #0A67C9;
width:100%;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0 auto;
text-align:left;
font: normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
clear:both;
border-bottom: 1px solid #2693ba;
-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 2px 2px -1px;
-moz-box-shadow: rgba(0,0,0,0.3) 0px 2px 2px -1px;
box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3) 0px 2px 2px -1px;
}
#top-inner {
width: 1022px;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0 auto;
text-align:left;
font: normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
#top1-wrapper {
/*width: 710px;*/
float: left;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
#top2-wrapper {
/*width: 242px;*/
float: right;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
/* Top2 Search
----------------------------------------------- */
.top2 h2 {display:none}
.top2 .widget {padding:0;margin:0}
#search {position: relative; width: 100%; margin: 0; padding:12px 0 0}
#search-form {width:100%;margin:0;padding:0}
#search-text {
background: #fff;
font:normal 12px Arial, sans-serif;
color: #888;
display: inline-block;
margin: 0;
width:96%;
padding: 5px 2%;
outline: none;
border:none;
-moz-border-radius:4px;
-webkit-border-radius:4px;
border-radius:4px;
}
/* Top1 Static Page
----------------------------------------------- */
.top1 h2 {
display:none
}
.top1 #PageList1 {
width:100%;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.top1 #PageList1 ul {
margin:0;
padding:0;
text-transform:none;
list-style-type:none;
}
.top1 #PageList1 li {
display: inline;
margin: 0;
}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {
float:left;
display: block;
text-decoration:none;
padding:0 8px;
color:#fff;
line-height:46px;
font-family:'zawgyi-one','Arial', sans-serif;
font-size:11px;
font-weight:normal;
text-transform:uppercase;
-webkit-transition: all 0.1s ease-in;
-moz-transition: all 0.1s ease-in;
-o-transition: all 0.1s ease-in;
transition: all 0.1s ease-in;
letter-spacing: 1px;
}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:visited {
color:#fff;
}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {
background:#0851BE;
}
/* Header
-----------------------------------------------
*/
#header-wrapper {
width:1022px;
margin:0 auto;
border:0px solid #e9e9e9;
text-align:left;
font: normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
}
#header-inner {
background-position: center;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
#header {
float:left;
width:222px;
margin:0;
border:none;
text-align: center;
color:#3399bb;
}
#header2 {
float:right;
width:728px;
margin:0;
border:none
text-align: left;
color:#3399bb;
}
.header .widget {padding:15px 0 10px; color:#000000;}
#header h1 {
margin:0;
padding:5px 0 0;
line-height:1.2em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.1em;
font: normal normal 28px 'zawgyi-one', Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif;
}
#header a {
color:#3399bb;
text-decoration:none;
}
#header a:hover {
color:#3399bb;
}
#header .description {
margin:0;
padding:0;
max-width:auto;
text-transform:none;
letter-spacing:.01em;
line-height: 1.3em;
font: normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
color: #777777;
}
#header img {
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
/* Outer-Wrapper
----------------------------------------------- */
#outer-wrapper {
background:#fff;
border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;
width: 1022px;
margin:0 auto;
padding: 10px 0 0 0;
text-align:left;
font: normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
}
#content-wrapper {
float: left;
width: 712px;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0 auto;
text-align:left;
font: normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
}
#crosscol-wrapper {
clear:both;
width: 540px;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
.crosscol {color: #666666;line-height: 1.5em;}
.crosscol .widget {padding:15px 20px;text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid #e9e9e9;margin:0 0 5px}
#main-wrapper {
border:1px solid #e9e9e9;
width: 540px;
float: right;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
#sidebar-wrapper {
width: 160px;
float: left;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
#sidebar2-wrapper {
width: 300px;
float: right;
word-wrap: break-word; /* fix for long text breaking sidebar float in IE */
overflow: hidden; /* fix for long non-text content breaking IE sidebar float */
}
/* Headings
----------------------------------------------- */
h2 {
margin:0 0 .75em;
font:normal normal 12px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color:#000000;
}
/* Posts
-----------------------------------------------
*/
h2.date-header {
text-transform:none;
margin:2px 0 30px;
color:#000000
}
.post {
margin:0 0 10px;
border-bottom:1px solid #e9e9e9;
padding: 15px 20px;
}
.post h3 {
font-family: 'zawgyi-one','Droid Sans', sans-serif;
margin:.25em 0 0;
padding:0 0 4px;
font-size:20px;
font-weight:normal;
line-height:1.5em;
color:#0851BE;
}
.post h3 a, .post h3 a:visited, .post h3 strong {
display:block;
text-decoration:none;
color:#0851BE;
font-weight:normal;
}
.post h3 strong, .post h3 a:hover {
color:#000000;
text-decoration:underline;
}
.post-body {
margin:0 0 .75em;
line-height:1.6em;
}
.post-body blockquote {
line-height:1.6em;
}
.post-footer {
margin: .75em 0;
color:#000000;
text-transform:none;
letter-spacing:.01em;
font: normal normal 11px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
}
.comment-link {
margin-left:.6em;
}
.post img, table.tr-caption-container {
padding-top:4px;
border:none;
}
.tr-caption-container img {
border: none;
padding: 0;
}
.post blockquote {
background:#f9f9f9;
border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;
padding: 20px;
margin:5px 0;
border-left:10px solid #2288bb;
}
.post blockquote p {
margin:.75em 0;
}
/* Comments
----------------------------------------------- */
.comments .avatar-image-container {
max-height:36px;
width:36px;
margin-top:0px;
clear:none;
}
.comments .avatar-image-container img {
max-width:36px;
width:36px;
}
.comments .comments-content .comment,
.comments .comments-content .comment:first-child,
.comments .comments-content .comment:last-child {
margin:5px 0;
padding:10px 0 0;
border-top:1px dotted #ccc;
}
.comments .comments-content .datetime {
font-size:13px;
line-height:1;
}
.comments .comments-content .datetime a {
display:block;
margin:6px 0 0;
color:#666;
}
.comments .comments-content .comment-content {
text-align:left;
margin:0 0 0 -49px;
padding:10px 0;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
.comments .comments-content .comment-content a {
border-bottom:1px solid #2288bb;
}
.comments .comment span.comment-actions {
margin-left:-49px;
}
.comments .comment .comment-actions a {
margin-right:10px;
padding:0;
font-size:12px;
text-transform:uppercase;
color:#2288bb;
}
.comments .comments-content .comment-replies {
margin-left:0;
margin-top:0;
padding-left:36px;
}
.comments .continue a {
text-transform:uppercase;
font-weight:normal;
padding:0;
margin:0;
color:#2288bb;
}
.comments .comments-content .user {
text-transform:uppercase;
font-weight:normal;
}
.comments .comments-content .user a {
color:#2288bb;
text-decoration:none;
border-bottom:1px solid #999;
}
#comments {padding:0 20px}
#comments h4 {
font-family: 'zawgyi-one','Droid Sans', sans-serif;
margin:5px 0;
font-size:20px;
font-weight: normal;
line-height: 1.2em;
text-transform:none;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color: #000000;
}
#comments-block {
margin:1em 0 1.5em;
line-height:1.5em;
}
#comments-block .comment-author {
margin:.5em 0;
}
#comments-block .comment-body {
margin:.25em 0 0;
}
#comments-block .comment-footer {
margin:-.25em 0 2em;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
}
#comments-block .comment-body p {
margin:0 0 .75em;
}
.deleted-comment {
font-style:italic;
color:gray;
}
#blog-pager-newer-link {
float: left;
}
#blog-pager-older-link {
float: right;
}
#blog-pager {
padding:7px 20px;
text-align: center;
}
.feed-links {
display:none;
padding:0 20px;
clear: both;
line-height: 2.5em;
}
/* Sidebar Content
----------------------------------------------- */
.sidebar h2 {
background:#0A67C9;
margin:0;
padding:10px 20px;
border-bottom:1px solid #e9e9e9;
font:normal normal 12px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color:#000000;
}
.sidebar {
border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9;
color: #666666;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
.sidebar ul {
list-style:none;
margin:0 0 0;
padding:0 0 0;
}
.sidebar li {
margin:0;
padding:0 0 2px 0;
text-indent:0px;
line-height:1.5em;
}
.sidebar .widget {
border:1px solid #e9e9e9;
border-width:0 1px 1px 0;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.sidebar .widget-content {
padding:15px 20px 15px 19px;
}
/* Sidebar Label
----------------------------------------------- */
.sidebar #Label1 h2, .sidebar #Label2 h2, .sidebar #Label3 h2 {
background:#0A67C9;
margin:0;
padding:10px 20px;
border-bottom:none;
font:normal normal 12px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color:#000000;
}
.sidebar #Label1, .sidebar #Label2, .sidebar #Label3 {
margin:0;padding:0
}
.sidebar #Label1 .widget-content, .sidebar #Label2 .widget-content, .sidebar #Label3 .widget-content {
padding:0;
background:#f9f9f9}
.sidebar #Label1 ul, .sidebar #Label2 ul, .sidebar #Label3 ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
.sidebar #Label1 ul li, .sidebar #Label2 ul li, .sidebar #Label3 ul li{
margin:0;
padding:0 20px;
text-indent:0px;
line-height:36px;
list-style:none;
display:block;
border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9;
}
.sidebar #Label1 li:hover, .sidebar #Label2 li:hover, .sidebar #Label3 li:hover {background:#fff283;}
.sidebar #Label1 li a, .sidebar #Label2 li a, .sidebar #Label3 li a {color:#888}
.sidebar #Label1 li a:hover, .sidebar #Label2 li a:hover, .sidebar #Label3 li a:hover {color:#000;text-decoration:none;}
/* Sidebar Popular Posts
---------------------------------------------*/
.sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {
background:#fff;
margin:0;
padding:10px 20px;
border:none;
font:normal normal 12px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color:#000000;
}
.sidebar .PopularPosts {
margin:0;padding:0
}
.sidebar .PopularPosts .widget-content {
padding:0;
background:#f9f9f9}
.sidebar .PopularPosts {
text-transform:none;
padding:0 auto;
}
.sidebar .PopularPosts ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
.sidebar .PopularPosts ul li {
margin:0;
padding:15px 20px;
text-indent:0px;
line-height:1.3em;
list-style:none;
display:block;
border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9;
}
.sidebar .PopularPosts li:hover {background:#eee;}
.sidebar .PopularPosts li a {color:#2288bb}
.sidebar .PopularPosts li a:hover {
text-decoration:none;
color:#33aaff;
-o-transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
-webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
}
.sidebar .PopularPosts .item-content { margin:0; padding:0;}
.sidebar .PopularPosts .item-title {font-size:13px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase}
.sidebar .PopularPosts .item-snippet {font-size:12px;padding:0;margin:2px 0 0;line-height:1.4em;color:#888;}
.sidebar .PopularPosts .item-content img {background:#fff;width:98px;height:auto;padding:10px; border:1px solid #e9e9e9;}
/* Sidebar2 Content
----------------------------------------------- */
.sidebar2 h2 {
background:#0A67C9;
margin:0;
padding:10px 20px;
border-bottom:1px solid #e9e9e9;
font:normal normal 12px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color:#000000;
}
.sidebar2 {
border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9;
color: #666666;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
.sidebar2 ul {
list-style:none;
margin:0 0 0;
padding:0 0 0;
}
.sidebar2 li {
margin:0;
padding:0 0 2px 0;
text-indent:0px;
line-height:1.5em;
}
.sidebar2 .widget {
border:1px solid #e9e9e9;
border-width:0 0 1px 1px;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.sidebar2 .widget-content {
padding:15px 19px 15px 20px;
}
/* Sidebar2 Popular Posts
---------------------------------------------*/
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts h2 {
background:#0A67C9;
margin:0;
padding:10px 20px;
border:none;
font:normal normal 12px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.4em;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
color:#000000;
}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts {
margin:0;padding:0
}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts .widget-content {
padding:0;
background:#f9f9f9}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts {
text-transform:none;
padding:0 auto;
}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts ul {
margin:0;padding:0;
}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts ul li {
margin:0;
padding:15px 20px;
text-indent:0px;
line-height:1.3em;
list-style:none;
display:block;
border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9;
}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts li:hover {background:#eee;}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts li a {color:#2288bb}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts li a:hover {
text-decoration:none;
color:#33aaff;
-o-transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
-webkit-transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
transition: all 0.4s ease-out;
}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts .item-content { margin:0; padding:0;}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts .item-title {font-size:13px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts .item-snippet {font-size:12px;padding:0;margin:2px 0 0;line-height:1.4em;color:#888;}
.sidebar2 .PopularPosts img {background:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd;padding:4px}
/* Sidebar2 Label Cloud
----------------------------------------------- */
.sidebar2 .label-size {
background:#f1f1f1;
margin:0 3px 5px 0;
padding: 6px;
text-transform: uppercase;
border: solid 1px #ccc;
border-radius: 3px;
float:left;
text-decoration:none;
font-size:10px;
color:#333;
position:relative;
}
.label-size:hover {
background:#f0f0f0;
border:1px solid #999;
text-decoration: none;-moz-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-o-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-webkit-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-ms-transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
transition: all 0.2s ease-out;
-webkit-box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
-moz-box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.25);
}
.sidebar2 .label-size a {
color:#666;
text-transform: uppercase;
text-decoration: none;
}
.label-size a:hover {
color:#2288bb;
text-decoration: none;
}
/* Profile
----------------------------------------------- */
.profile-img {
float: left;
margin-top: 0;
margin-right: 5px;
margin-bottom: 5px;
margin-left: 0;
padding: 4px;
border: 1px solid #e9e9e9;
}
.profile-data {
margin:0;
text-transform:uppercase;
letter-spacing:.01em;
font: normal normal 11px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
color: #000000;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
.profile-datablock {
margin:.5em 0 .5em;
}
.profile-textblock {
margin: 0.5em 0;
line-height: 1.5em;
}
.profile-link {
font: normal normal 11px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: .01em;
}
/* Footer
----------------------------------------------- */
#footer {
width:1022px;
clear:both;
margin:0 auto;
padding:0 auto;
line-height: 1.5em;
text-transform:none;
letter-spacing:.01em;
text-align: center;
}
.footer .widget {margin:0;padding: 15px 0;border-top:1px solid #eee}
/* Page Navigation
----------------------------------------------- */
#showpageArea {font:normal normal 13px 'zawgyi-one', Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif;margin:0;padding:0;}
.showpageArea a {font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;}
.showpageNum a {background:#eee;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;border:1px solid #ccc;margin:0 2px;padding:6px 10px;color:#474747;-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in;-moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in;-o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in;transition: all 0.3s ease-in;}
.showpageNum a:hover {border:1px solid #1573A3;background-color:#2288bb;color:#fff;}
.showpagePoint {border:1px solid #1573A3;background-color:#2288bb;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;margin:0 2px;padding:6px 10px;}
.showpageOf {display:none;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none;padding:6px 10px;margin: 0 2px 0 0;color: #ccc;text-transform:none;}
.showpage a {border:1px solid #1573A3;background-color:#2288bb;color:#fff;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:none; padding:6px}
.showpage a:hover {border:1px solid #1573A3;background-color:#2288bb;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;}
.showpageNum a:link,.showpage a:link {text-decoration:none;}
/* Jump Link
----------------------------------------------- */
.jump-link {clear:both; margin:20px 0 5px; padding:0 auto;}
.jump-link a {
padding: 10px 10px;
background: #f4f4f4;
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #f4f4f4 0%, #f1f1f1 100%);
background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#f4f4f4), color-stop(100%,#f1f1f1));
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #f4f4f4 0%,#f1f1f1 100%);
background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #f4f4f4 0%,#f1f1f1 100%);
background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #f4f4f4 0%,#f1f1f1 100%);
background: linear-gradient(top, #f4f4f4 0%,#f1f1f1 100%);
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#f4f4f4', endColorstr='#f1f1f1',GradientType=0 );
color: #2288bb;
text-decoration: none;
cursor: pointer;
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
font-weight:normal;
font-family:'zawgyi-one',Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
text-transform:uppercase;
text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,1);
line-height: 1;
font-size:12px;
border: solid 1px #bbb;
border-radius: 2px;
-webkit-border-radius: 2px;
-moz-border-radius: 2px;
}
.jump-link a:hover {
color: #333;
border-color: #999;
-moz-box-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
#credit-wrapper{background:#f9f9f9;width:1022px;margin:0 auto;border: 1px solid #ddd;border-width:0 1px;clear:both;}
#link-wrapper{width:1022px;line-height:1.6em;text-align:center;font-family:'zawgyi-one',Arial;font-size:12px;color:#666;padding:20px 0}
#HTML9 .widget-content, #HTML8 .widget-content, #HTML10 .widget-content { padding:0px; }
--></style>
<style type='text/css'>
.post-footer {display:none}
h2.date-header {margin:2px 0 10px;}
@media only screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:989px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:880px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:880px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:880px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:880px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:880px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:880px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:880px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:880px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:880px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:880px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}
}
/* Media 800px
----------------------------------------------- */
@media only screen and (max-width:800px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:730px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:730px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:730px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:730px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:730px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:730px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:730px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:730px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:730px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:730px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}
}
/* Media 767px
----------------------------------------------- */
@media only screen and (max-width:767px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:520px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:520px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:520px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:520px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:520px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:520px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:520px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:520px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:520px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:520px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}
}
/* Media 480px
----------------------------------------------- */
@media only screen and (max-width:560px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:460px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:460px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:460px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:460px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:460px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:460px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:460px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:460px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:460px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:460px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}}
/* Media Screen 240px + 320px
----------------------------------------------- */
@media only screen and (max-width:490px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:430px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:430px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:430px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:430px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:430px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:430px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:430px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:430px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:430px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:430px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}}
@media only screen and (max-width:479px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:300px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:300px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:300px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:300px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:300px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:300px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:300px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:300px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:300px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:300px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}}
@media screen and (max-width:260px) {
#outer-wrapper {width:220px;margin:0 auto;margin-top:10px;border:none;}
#content-wrapper {width:220px;margin:0 auto;}
#main-wrapper { width:220px;margin:0 auto;border:none; }
#sidebar-wrapper {float:left; width:220px;margin:0 auto}
#header-wrapper, #header-inner, #header, #header h1, #header .description {width:220px;margin:0 auto}
.post-body img {width:220px;margin:0 auto;height:auto}
#comments {width:220px;padding:0;margin:0 auto;height:auto;font-size:16px;}
#header2, #crosscol-wrapper, #sidebar2-wrapper, #footer-wrapper, #footer {display:none}
#top-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;}
#top-inner, #top1-wrapper, #top2-wrapper {width:220px;margin:0 auto;}
.post {padding:0 0 10px 0;border-bottom:5px solid #2288bb}
.post-body {font-size:18px; line-height:1.3em;}
.jump-link {margin:6px 0 5px}
#blog-pager {padding:10px 0}
#sidebar-wrapper {width:220px;margin:0 auto;}
.sidebar .widget-content {padding:15px 20px}
.sidebar .widget {border:0}
.sidebar h2, .sidebar .PopularPosts h2 {border-top:1px solid #e9e9e9}
.sidebar #Label1 h2 {border-top:none}
.top1 #PageList1 li a {padding:0 7px;line-height:26px;margin:0 4px 4px 0;font-size:14px;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.01em}
.top1 #PageList1 li a:hover, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a, .top1 #PageList1 li.selected a:visited {background:#13799f}
#credit-wrapper {width:auto;padding:15px 0;border:none;background:#f7f7f7}
#link-wrapper {width:220px;margin:0 auto;padding:0}}
h3.small { font-size:1.2em; }
.sidebar #Label1 h2, .sidebar #Label2 h2, .sidebar #Label3 h2, .sidebar2 h2, .sidebar h2 { color : white !important; }
#HTML3 > div:nth-child(2), #HTML7 > div:nth-child(2), #HTML1 > div:nth-child(2), #HTML4 > div:nth-child(2), #HTML5 > div:nth-child(2), #Followers1 > div:nth-child(2) { padding:0px; }
#header-wrapper, #outer-wrapper { background-color: white}
#header-wrapper { padding: 0px 10px;}
#outer-wrapper, #credit-wrapper { padding: 0px 9px;}
</style>
<style type='text/css'>
@charset 'UTF-8';
/* Base Styles */
#cssmenu > ul,
#cssmenu > ul li,
#cssmenu > ul ul {
list-style: none;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
#cssmenu > ul {
position: relative;
z-index: 597;
float: left;
}
#cssmenu > ul li {
float: left;
min-height: 1px;
line-height: 1.3em;
vertical-align: middle;
padding: 10px;
}
#cssmenu > ul li.hover,
#cssmenu > ul li:hover {
z-index: 599;
cursor: default;
}
#cssmenu > ul ul {
visibility: hidden;
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
left: 0;
z-index: 598;
}
#cssmenu > ul ul li {
float: none;
}
#cssmenu > ul li:hover > ul {
visibility: visible;
}
/* Align last drop down RTL */
/* Theme Styles */
#cssmenu > ul a:link {
text-decoration: none;
}
#cssmenu > ul a:active {
color: #ffa500;
}
#cssmenu li {
padding: 0;
color: #000;
}
#cssmenu {
font-family: 'zawgyi-one', sans-serif;
width: auto;
/*-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
-moz-border-radius: 3px;
-ms-border-radius: 3px;
-o-border-radius: 3px;
border-radius: 3px;*/
background: #0a66c9;
font-size: 13px;
/*-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 2px 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 2px 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
box-shadow: inset 0 2px 2px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);*/
}
#cssmenu > ul {
padding: 0 5px;
/*-moz-box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
-moz-border-radius: 3px;
-ms-border-radius: 3px;
-o-border-radius: 3px;
border-radius: 3px;*/
display: block;
float: none;
zoom: 1;
}
#cssmenu > ul:before {
content: '';
display: block;
}
#cssmenu > ul:after {
content: '';
display: table;
clear: both;
}
#cssmenu > ul > li {
padding: 8px 5px;
}
#cssmenu > ul > li > a,
#cssmenu > ul > li > a:link,
#cssmenu > ul > li > a:visited {
text-shadow: 0 -1px 1px #031c37;
color: #fff;
padding: 7px 20px;
display: block;
-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
-moz-border-radius: 3px;
-ms-border-radius: 3px;
-o-border-radius: 3px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
#cssmenu > ul > li > a:hover,
#cssmenu > ul > li:hover > a {
background-color: #084d98;
}
#cssmenu li li a {
color: #8b8b8b;
font-size: 13px;
}
#cssmenu li li a:hover {
color: #000000;
border-color: #000000;
}
#cssmenu ul ul {
margin: 0 10px;
padding: 0 10px;
float: none;
background: #ffffff;
border: 2px solid #0a66c9;
border-top: none;
right: 0;
left: 0;
-webkit-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;
-moz-border-radius: 0 0 3px 3px;
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ဆီးခ်ိဳေသြးခ်ိဳေဆးတစ္မ်ိဳးက အသည္းအဆီဖံုးျခင္းကိုသိသာစြာေလ်ာ့က်ေစ
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hGv4QcfOyAY/WygivEhXU8I/AAAAAAAAdMk/jdzoxsy1wAoDZo35476mFHiFsFe34HN8QCLcBGAs/s1600/10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="424" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hGv4QcfOyAY/WygivEhXU8I/AAAAAAAAdMk/jdzoxsy1wAoDZo35476mFHiFsFe34HN8QCLcBGAs/s640/10.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />သုေတသနအသစ္တစ္ခုအရအမ်ိဳးအစား (၂) ဆီးခ်ိဳေသြးခ်ိဳေရာဂါ (T2DM)သံုးတဲ့ေဆး တစ္မ်ိဳးကအရက္ေၾကာင့္မဟုတ္ေသာ အသည္းအဆီဖံုးေရာဂါ (NAFLD) ေ၀ဒနာခံစားေနရတဲ့ သူေတြမွာအသည္းေပၚကအဆီပမာဏေလ်ာ့က်ေစၿပီး၊ ေသြးတြင္း သၾကားဓာတ္ကို ပါေလ်ာ့က်ေစတယ္လို႔သိရပါတယ္။ အမ်ိဳးအစား (၂) ဆီးခ်ိဳေသြးခ်ိဳေ၀ဒနာသည္ေတြ မွာ NAFLD အျဖစ္မ်ားၿပီး ျပင္း ထန္အသည္းေရာဂါေတြထိဆက္လက္ျဖစ္ပြားတတ္ပါတယ္။<br />
<br />
သုေတသန ေတြ႕႐ွိခ်က္ေတြအရသက္လတ္ပိုင္း ဆီးခ်ိဳေသြးခ်ိဳေ၀ဒနာ ႐ွင္ေတြမွာ ဆီးခ်ိဳေသြးခ်ိဳေဆးတစ္မ်ိဳး ျဖစ္တဲ့ empagliflozin ကိုေသာက္ေနသူေတြကကုသမႈစတင္ၿပီး ရက္သတၱပတ္ ၂၀ ခန္႔အၾကာတြင္ အသည္းေပၚမွအဆီ ၁၆.၂% မွ ၁၁.၃ % ေလာက္ထိေလ်ာ့က်သြား တာကိုေတြ႕ခဲ့ရၿပီး၊ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ေစာင့္ ၾကည့္အုပ္စုမွာေတာ့မူလ ၁၆.၄ % မွ ၁၅.၆ % ထိသာအနည္း ငယ္ေလ်ာ့က်ခဲ့တာေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။ NAFLD ၿပီးေနာက္ဆက္ လက္ျဖစ္ပြားတဲ့ အရက္ေၾကာင့္ မဟုတ္ပဲအဆီေၾကာင့္အသည္းေရာင္ရမ္းမႈ Non. alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) က အသည္းေျခာက္ျခင္း နဲ႔ အသည္း ကင္ဆာတုိ႔ပါျဖစ္ပြားေစႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ NAFLD နဲ႔ NASH အေျခအေနတို႔အတြက္ခြင့္ျပဳထားတဲ့ သီးသန္႔ကုထံုးေတြမ႐ွိ ေသးပဲ metformin, pioglitazone နဲ႔ဗီတာမင္အီး တုိ႔ကလည္း အသည္းေပၚကအဆီကိုအနည္း ငယ္သာေလ်ာ့က်ေစပါတယ္။<br />
<br />ဒါေၾကာင့္ Empagliflozin က NAFLD အေျခအေနကို ကူညီေပးႏိုင္မယ္လို ႔သုေတသီေတြက အဆိုျပဳခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့သုေတသနေတြမွာလည္း Empagliflozin က ႀကြက္ေတြရဲ႕အသည္းေပၚ က အဆီပမာဏကိုေလ်ာ့က်ေစတာသက္ေသျပၿပီးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ယခုသုေတသနမွာအသက္ ၄၀ အထက္အမ်ိဳးအစား (၂) ဆီးခ်ိဳေသြးခ်ိဳေရာဂါနဲ႔ NAFLD အေျခအေနခံစားေနရသူေတြ ပါ၀င္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ပါ၀င္သူေတြကို က်ပန္းခြဲၿပီး တစ္ဖြဲ႕ကိုစံကုထံုးနဲ႔ empagliflozin တစ္ရက္ကို 10 mg ေပး၍က်န္ တစ္ဖြဲ႕ကိုစံကုထံုးသာေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ရလဒ္ကေတာ့ empagliflozin ေသာက္တဲ့ အုပ္စုကအသည္းေပၚမွအဆီပမာဏ ၄.၉ % ေလ်ာ့က်ခဲ့ၿပီး က်န္အုပ္စုကေတာ့ ၀.၈ % သာေလ်ာ့က်ခဲ့တာေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။ Empagliflozin ကို FDA မွ ၂၀၁၄ က ခြင့္ျပဳေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။<br /><br />
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ပိုမိုေစ်းသက္သာတဲ့ကင္ဆာေဆးအတြက္ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခ်က္
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<br />Eindhoven University of Technology သိပၸံပညာ႐ွင္ေတြက ေကာ္ဖီစစ္စကၠဴ (Coffee Filter) ကိုအသံုးျပဳၿပီး ပိုမိုေစ်းသက္သာတဲ့ကင္ဆာေဆးထုတ္လုပ္ႏိုင္ေတာ့မယ္လို႔သိရပါတယ္။ ၎င္းတို႔ရဲ႕နည္း ပညာကိုအသံုးျပဳၿပီး Z-endoxifen ကင္ဆာကုသေဆးကို ပိုမိုေစ်းသက္သက္သာသာနဲ႔ ထုတ္လုပ္ႏိုင္ေတာ့မယ္လို႔သိရပါတယ္။ Tamoxifen က ရင္သားကင္ဆာကုသရာမွာသံုး တဲ့ကမၻာသံုးေဆးတစ္မ်ိဳးျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ယင္းေဆးကအၿမဲတမ္းေတာ့သက္ေရာက္မႈေကာင္းေတြမရေစပါဘူး။<br />
<br />
Tamoxifen အေနနဲ႔ခႏၶာကိုယ္ထဲကိုေရာက္တဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာကင္ဆာဆဲလ္ေတြကို တိုက္႐ိုက္ တိုက္ထုတ္ႏိုင္ျခင္းမ႐ွိပဲ Z-endoxifen အျဖစ္ေျပာင္းလဲၿပီးမွသာ တိုက္ႏိုင္တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ Tamoxifen ကေန Z-endoxifen ကိုေျပာင္းလဲေပးတဲ့ပမာဏက လူနာရဲ႕မ်ိဳး႐ိုးဗီဇအေပၚ မူတည္ၿပီး အနည္းအမ်ားကြဲျပားျပန္ပါတယ္။ တကယ္လို႔မ်ား Z-endoxifen ကိုေဆးအေနနဲ႔ တိုက္႐ိုက္ေပးႏိုင္မယ္ ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ မ်ိဳး႐ိုးဗီဇကြဲျပားမႈေတြကို လ်စ္လ်ဴ႐ႈႏိုင္ၿပီး ေဆးပမာဏကိုလည္း ေလ်ာ့ေပးႏိုင္တဲ့အတြက္ေဘးထြက္ဆုိးက်ိဳးလည္း ပိုနည္းေစႏိုင္မယ္လို႔ US စမ္းသပ္ကုသမႈေတြ က သက္ေသျပခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ Z-endoxifen ထုတ္လုပ္မႈမွာႀကံဳေနရတဲ့အခက္အခဲကကုန္က်စရိတ္ အလြန္မ်ားေနတာျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ၁ ဂရမ္ရ႐ွိဖို႔အတြက္ ေဒၚလာတစ္ေသာင္းေလာက္ကုန္က်ေနတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။<br />
<br />ယခုသုေတသနမွာသိပၸံပညာ ႐ွင္ေတြက လက္႐ွိအသံုးျပဳလ်က္႐ွိတဲ့ ကုန္က်စရိတ္မ်ားတဲ့ High Pressure Liquid Chromato-graphy (HPLC) နည္းပညာအသံုး ျပဳၿပီး သန္႔စင္တဲ့စနစ္ကို အသံုးျပဳဖို႔ လိုအပ္မဲ့နည္းလမ္းကို ေတြ႕႐ွိခဲ့ပါ တယ္။ လက္႐ွိ endoxifen ထုတ္လုပ္တဲ့စနစ္က Z နဲ႔ E ဆိုၿပီး endoxifen ႏွစ္မ်ိဳးကို ၇၀း ၃၀ အခ်ိဳးနဲ႔ထုတ္လုပ္ေပးပါတယ္။ HPLC နည္းကမလိုခ်င္တဲ့ E-endoxifen ၃၀% ကို ဖယ္႐ွား ေပးဖို႔သံုးတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ Eindhoven မွ သိပၸံပညာ႐ွင္ေတြက ထုတ္လုပ္တဲ့နည္းစနစ္မွာလိုခ်င္တဲ့ Z-endoxifen ကို ၉၅% နဲ႔မလိုခ်င္တဲ့ E-endoxifen ကို ၅% ထိေလ်ာ့ခ်ေပးႏိုင္မဲ့နည္းကို ေတြ႕႐ွိ ခဲ့ၿပီး၊ မလိုခ်င္တဲ့ E-endoxifen ၅% ကိုေကာ္ဖီစစ္စကၠဴသံုးၿပီး စစ္ ထုတ္ဖယ္႐ွားေပးႏိုင္မဲ့နည္းကို ေတြ႕ ႐ွိခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ယင္းနည္းသစ္ကသန္႔စင္တဲ့ Z-endoxifen ထုတ္လုပ္ရာမွာပိုမိုထိေရာက္ၿပီး၊ ကုန္က်စရိတ္မွာလည္း အဆ ၁၀၀၀ ေလာက္ပိုသက္သာတာကိုေတြ႕ခဲ့ရပါတယ္။<br /><br />အ၀င္း<br />
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<br />ေကာ္ဖီေသာက္လိုက္ရင္ ေသာက္ထားတဲ့အရက္ရွိန္ မူးေနတာေျပသြားမယ္လို႔ယူဆခ်က္ဟာ နားေထာင္ရင္ အဟုတ္လို႔ ထင္စရာပါ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ေလ့လာမႈေတြလုပ္ၾကည့္ေတာ့ အဲလိုမဟုတ္ပါ။<br /><br />ႏွစ္အနည္းငယ္တံုးက မိတ္ေဆြတခ်ိဳ႕နဲ႔အတူ က်မ ဇာတ္ရံုတခုကကပြဲမွာ အသံုးေတာ္ခံခဲ့ပါတယ္။ က်မခင္ပြန္းက အေရာက္ေနာက္က်ပါတယ္။ သူက ခရစ္မတ္ေန႔လည္စာနဲ႔ ေကာ္ဖီေသာက္ျပီး မြန္းလဲေနာက္ပိုင္းတခုလံုးမွာ ဝိုင္ေတြ ေသာက္ေနခဲ့တာပါ။ ကံေကာင္းတာက ျပဇာတ္က ဟာသျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ က်မေယာက္်ားဟာ လိုတာထက္ပိုျပီး ရယ္ေမာေနလို႔ သူနဲ႔တြဲသရုပ္ေဆာင္ရသူကေတာင္ အံ့ၾသေနၾကရပါတယ္။<br /><br />အားလပ္ခ်ိန္မွာေတာ့ ေနာက္က်ိေနတာ သက္သာသြားေအာင္ဆိုျပီး က်မသူ႔အတြက္ ေကာ္ဖီ ဝယ္တိုက္ပါတယ္။ ျပဇာတ္ ဒုတိယပိုင္းမွာ သူ အေတာ္ျငိမ္ေနတာ ေတြ႔ရတယ္။ ဒါျဖစ္ရင္ က်မတြက္ထားသလို ေကာ္ဖီကေန မ်က္လွည့္ျပသလိုသတိၲိ တကယ္ရွိသတဲ့လား။<br /><br />အရက္ဆိုတာ မ်ားေလေလ Sedative effects အိပ္ခ်င္စိတ္မ်ားေလေလဆိုတာ လူတိုင္း သိတဲ့အခ်က္ပါ။ ပဌမ ၁ နာရီခြဲအတြင္းမွာ ေသြးထဲမွာ အရက္ပမာဏ မ်ားေနခ်ိန္မယ္ အရက္ေသာက္သူဟာ တက္ၾကြေနပါတယ္။ ၂ နာရီ ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာေတာ့ ၆ နာရီ အထိ အိပ္ခ်င္စိတ္ဟာ တိုးတိုးလာပါတယ္။<br /><br />ေကာ္ဖီထဲမွာပါတဲ့ Caffeine ေကဖင္းဓါတ္ကေတာ့ ေျပာင္းျပန္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ လူေတြကို တက္ၾကြေနေစပါတယ္။ ဒီအခ်က္ေၾကာင့္ ဘီယာတပိုင့္ေသာက္ျပီး ေကာ္ဖီတခြက္နဲ႔ေျဖတာ သဘာဝက်ပါတယ္။<br /><br />စိတ္မေကာင္းစရာ လာပါျပီ။ အရက္သုေတသနသမိုင္းမွာ ဓါတ္ခြဲခန္းေတြထဲ အရက္ေသာက္ထားသူေတြကို ေကာ္ဖီ တိုက္ျပီး စမ္းသပ္တဲ့အခါ အေျဖေတြက ဆန္႔က်င္တာေတြ ထြက္လာပါတယ္။ တခ်ိဳ႕မွာ အရက္ေၾကာင့္ ျပန္လည္ တုန္႔ျပန္ႏိုင္တဲ့ ၾကားကာလအခ်ိန္ဟာ ေကာ္ဖီေၾကာင့္ တိုးလာေပမဲ့ တခ်ိဳ႕ ဘာမွမထူးပါ။<br /><br />၂ဝဝ၉ ခုႏွစ္မွာ (အရက္ + ေကာ္ဖီ) အစြမ္းကို ပိုျပီး အေသးစိတ္ထုတ္ျပန္လာႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ၾကြက္ေတြကို အရက္ တိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဒိေနာက္မွာ လူေတြဆို ၈ ခြက္နဲ႔ညီတဲ့ ေကာ္ဖီကို တိုက္ျပန္ပါတယ္။ ေကဖင္းဝင္ျပီးတဲ့ေနာက္မွာ ၾကြက္ေတြဟာ ပိုျပီး တက္ၾကြေနပံုရေပမဲ့ ဒီအေကာင္ေတြဟာ ေကာ္ဖီမေသာက္ရတဲ့ၾကြက္ေတြထက္ ဝကၤဘာထဲမွာ အေျခအေနဆိုးတာ ေတြ႔ရပါတယ္။<br /><br />ဒါေၾကာင့္ ေကာ္ဖီဟာ အရက္ေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ေစတဲ့ ေမာပမ္းမႈကို တန္ျပန္ႏိုင္စြမ္း ရွိတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ေန႔စာ၊ ညစာစားျပီးဆိုင္း ေကာ္ဖီနဲ႔ အစာပိတ္တဲ့သေဘာက မွန္ကန္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အရက္ေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္ရတဲ့ Cognitive deficits မွတ္သားမႈ-ဥာဏ္ထုတ္မႈအစြမ္း နည္းပါးေနတာကိုေတာ့ ေကာ္ဖီကေန ေဖ်ာက္မေပးႏိုင္ပါ။ Drunkenness feelings အရက္သမားခံစားမႈဆိုတာ အဲဒါပါ။<br /><br />ဇီဝကမၼ၊ ေရာဂါေဗဒလိုေျပာရရင္ အရက္ကို ကိုယ္ခႏၶာေန ခ်က္လုပ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီအတြက္ ေန႔ရက္ေတြ မနည္းမေနာ ယူပါမယ္။ ဒီအလုပ္အတြက္ အသဲက အင္ဇိုင္းမ္ ၂ မ်ိဳးသံုးရပါတယ္။ Alcohol dehydrogenase အယ္လ္ကိုေဟာ ဒီဟိုက္ဒရိုဂ်င္ေန႔စ္ နဲ႔ Aldehyde dehydrogenase အယ္လ္ဒီဟိုက္ ဒီဟိုက္ဒရိုဂ်င္ေန႔စ္ေတြျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အဆင့္ေတြ အဆင့္ေတြ အမ်ားၾကီးအျပီးမွာ လြန္ခဲ့တဲ့ ရက္ေတြတံုးက ေသာက္ထားတဲ့ အရက္ဟာ ေရနဲ႔ Carbon dioxide ကာဗြန္ေအာက္ဆိုက္အျဖစ္ ေခြ်းနဲ႔ ဆီးထဲကေန စြန္႔ထုတ္ပါတယ္။<br /><br />အရက္တယူနစ္ (10 ml in UK = 10 grams [12.7 ml] in Australia) ကို (မက္တာေဘာ္လိုက္စ္) ခ်က္လုပ္ဘို႔ရာ ၁ နာရီပ်မ္းမွ် အခ်ိန္ယူပါတယ္။ မ်ိဳးဗီဇ၊ အစာစားထားမထား၊ အရက္ရာႏွဳန္းေတြအရ အေႏွးအျမန္ ကြာပါမယ္။ ေကာ္ဖီထဲမွာပါတဲ့ ေကဖင္းကေန ဒီျဖစ္စဥ္ကို ျမန္ေစေအာင္ မလုပ္ႏိုင္ပါ။ ေနာက္ထပ္ သုေတသနအရ (ေကဖင္း) မ်ားတာကေန အရက္ေၾကာင့္ မွတ္ဥာဏ္ကို သက္ေရာက္တာကို တန္ျပန္ႏိုင္တယ္။ Dizziness မူးေနာက္ ေနတာကိုေတာ့ မေျပေစဘူးလို႔ သိရပါတယ္။<br /><br />ေကဖင္းေၾကာင့္ ပိုဆိုးတယ္လို႔ ေျပာသူေတြလဲ မနည္းပါ။ ၂ဝဝ၈ ခုႏွစ္ထဲမွာ အေမရိကန္ ေကာလိပ္ေက်ာင္းသားေတြကို ေလ့လာတဲ့အခါ Vodka နဲ႔ Red Bull လို အရက္ထဲမွာ (အယ္လ္ကိုေဟာ + ေကဖင္း) ပါတာမို႔ ေသာက္သူေတြဟာ ထိခိုက္ဒဏ္ရာရတာ ပိုမ်ားၾကျပီး၊ လမ္းေပၚမွာ ျမန္ႏွဳန္းသတ္မွတ္တာထက္ ပိုေမာင္းသူေတြကေန လိုက္ခ်င္လိုက္ခဲ့လို႔ ကားေပၚတင္ရင္လိုက္ၾကသူက ၂ ဆ မက မ်ားတာကို ေတြ႔ရတယ္။ ဒီအခ်က္ဟာ ေသာက္ထားတဲ့အရက္ နည္းတာ မ်ားတာနဲ႔ တိုက္ရိုက္အခ်ိဳးမက်ပါ။<br /><br />ဒီသတင္းပို႔ခ်က္ကိုေရးသူ Claudia Hammond ကေလာ္ဒီယာဟာ စာေရးသူ၊ အသံလႊင့္သူ၊ စိတ္ပညာကထိက ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ သူမဟာ ဘီဘီစီ က်န္းမာေရးစစ္ေဆးမႈဆိုတဲ့အစီအစဥ္ကို ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔တိုင္း တင္ဆက္ေနသူ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။<br /><br />ေဒါက္တာတင့္ေဆြ<br /><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Dr-Tint-Swe-Writings-183401575792494/photos/?ref=page_internal" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/pg/Dr-Tint-Swe-Writings</a>
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<br />၁။ ၄၅ ႏွစ္။ ေယာက္်ား။ uric acid 10.9 alkaline phosphates 110 Alt 69 Ast 129 Gamma-gt 338 ဆရာ အသည္းေယဘုယ်အေျခအေနကိုသိႏိုင္ပါသလား။ အရက္အလြန္ေသာက္ပါသည္။<br /><br />၂။ ဆရာကြၽန္ေတာ့ေယာက္ဖက အသက္ ၄၀ ပါ။ အရက္ေသာက္ပါတယ္။ ၿပီးခ့ဲတ့ဲတလကမွအရက္ျဖတ္ပါတယ္။ မေန႔ကဖ်ားျပီး ဂေယာင္ဂတမ္းေတြေျပာပါတယ္။ ရင္ထဲကပူတယ္လို႔လည္းေျပာပါတယ္။ ခုမန္းေလးေဆးႀကီးမွာ တင္ထားပါတယ္။ အာထြာေဆာင္းရိုက္ေတာ့ ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS လို႔ေရးထားပါတယ္။ စိုးရိမ္ရလားဆရာ။ ဘာေရာဂါပါလဲဆရာ။ ဘယ္လိုေနထိုင္ျပဳမူျပီးဘယ္လိုစားေသာက္ေတြစားလို႔ရပါလဲ။ ေက်းဇူးျပဳျပီးၫြန္ၾကားေပးပါဆရာ။<br /><br />အရက္ေသာက္တာမ်ားေလေလ အသည္းကိုထိခိုက္ေလျဖစ္တယ္။ ေရတိုနဲ႔ ေရရွည္သက္ေရာက္မႈေတြျဖစ္ပါမယ္။ အရက္ဟာ သက္ရွိေတြအတြက္ အဆိပ္ျဖစ္တယ္။ အသည္းေရာဂါ (၃) မ်ိဳးကိုျဖစ္ေစမယ္။<br />(၁) Fatty liver အသည္းအဆီဖံုးျခင္း၊<br />(၂) Alcoholic hepatitis အရက္အသည္းေရာဂါနဲ႔<br />(၃) Cirrhosis အသည္းေျခာက္တာေတြ ျဖစ္တယ္။<br /><br />Fatty liver အဆီဖံုးေနသူဟာ ၃ လကေန ၆ လၾကာရင္ ေပ်ာက္သြားႏိုင္တယ္။ အသက္ဆက္ရွည္ခ်င္ရင္ အရက္ျဖတ္လိုက္ပါ။ အရက္ေသာက္တာၾကာသူတိုင္းရဲ႕ အသည္းမွာ Fat globules အဆီလံုးေလးေတြျဖစ္လာမယ္။ ၾကာလာရင္ Hepatitis အသည္းေရာင္လာမယ္။ Hepatomegaly အသည္းအရြယ္အစားၾကီးလာရင္ ဝမ္းဗိုက္ ညာဘက္ အထက္ပိုင္းေနရာမွာ နာမယ္။ တင္းေနမယ္။ အဲလိုျဖစ္ေနတာ ၁ဝ ႏွစ္ရွိသူဆိုရင္ ပ်ိဳ႕ခ်င္၊ အန္မယ္၊ ကိုယ္အေလးခ်ိန္ က်မယ္။ ကိုယ္ပူႏိုင္တယ္။ အသား-ဆီးဝါမယ္။ ဗိုက္ထဲအရည္ေအာင္းလို႔ ေဖါင္းလာမယ္။<br /><br />Cirrhosis အသည္းေျခာက္တယ္ဆိုတာ အသည္းမွာအမာရြတ္ျဖစ္တာပါ။ ျပန္မေကာင္းႏိုင္ေတာ့ပါ။ အသည္းေျခာက္ေနေပမဲ့ ဘာမွ မခံစားရသူေတြလဲရွိတယ္။ အစားအေသာက္ပ်က္တာ၊ အားယုတ္တာသာရွိတယ္။ ၾကြက္သားေတြ လွီလာမယ္။ ဆိုးလာရင္ေတာ့ Varicose veins ေသြးျပန္ေၾကာေတြထံုးလာမယ္။ အျပင္ကမျမင္ရတဲ့ ဗိုက္ထဲကအစာေျခလမ္းေၾကာင္းမွာ ျဖစ္တယ္။ ေပါက္ထြက္ရင္ ေသြးယိုမယ္။ ခ်က္ခ်င္းမကုႏိုင္ရင္ ေသႏိုင္တယ္။ အသည္းေျခာက္ေနသူ ၂ ေယာက္မွာ ၁ ေယာက္က ၅ ႏွစ္ေနရင္ အသည္းအလုပ္မလုပ္ႏိုင္လို႔ေသဆံုးရတယ္။ ၁ဝ ေယာက္မွာ ၁ ေယာက္ကအသည္းကင္ဆာျဖစ္မယ္။ Liver failure အသည္းကအလုပ္ႏိုင္ေအာင္မလုပ္ႏိုင္ေတာ့ရင္ Coma သတိလစ္မယ္။ ေသဆံုးမယ္။<br /><br />ေယာက္်ားေတြက တေန႔မွာ အရက္ ၄ဝ-၈ဝ ဂရမ္၊ မိန္္းမေတြက တေန႔မွာ ၂ဝ-၄ဝ ဂရမ္၊ ၁ဝ-၁၂ ႏွစ္ေသာက္ရင္ တျခားအသည္းေရာဂါ ဘာမွမရွိဘဲ အသည္းပ်က္စီးတာ ျဖစ္ေစႏိုင္တယ္။ Oesophageal or Gastric variceal bleeding အစာလမ္းကေန ေသြးယိုမယ္၊ Ascites ေရဖ်င္းစြဲမယ္၊ Coagulopathy ေသြးမခဲတာျဖစ္မယ္၊ Hepatic encephalopathy ဦးေႏွာက္ထိခိုက္ႏိုင္တယ္၊ Liver cancer အသည္းကင္ဆာျဖစ္ႏိုင္တယ္။<br /><br />အရက္၊ ေဆးလိပ္၊ မူးယစ္ေဆးေတြမွာ စြဲေစတတ္တဲ့သေဘာပါတယ္။ မဌမဆံုး အမူအက်င့္က အဲတာမ်ိဳးကို လုပ္ခ်င္ေနမယ္။ ေနာက္ တိုးလုပ္ခ်င္တာမယ္။ ေနာက္ အဲတာကိုေတာင့္တေနမယ္။ ေနာက္စြဲမယ္။ လူတဦးခ်င္းေတာ့ အခံမတူၾကပါ။ အရက္အေၾကာင္းစာေတြေရးထားတာမနည္းပါ။ ဖတ္တာနဲ႔ေတာင္မူးေလာက္တယ္။<br /><br />ေဒါက္တာတင့္ေဆြ<br /><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pg/Dr-Tint-Swe-Writings-183401575792494/photos/?ref=page_internal" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/pg/Dr-Tint-Swe-Writings</a>
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<br />၀ါတာလူးတကၠသိုလ္မွ သိပၸံ ပညာ႐ွင္ေတြက အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ားတြင္ ံHIV ပိုးကူးစက္ျခင္းမွကာကြယ္ေပး ႏိုင္မဲ့ကိရိယာသစ္ကို တီထြင္ခဲ့ၾကပါ တယ္။ သမား႐ိုးက် HIV ကာကြယ္ နည္းေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ ကြန္ဒံုေတြ၊ HIV ဆန္႔က်င္ေဆးေတြနဲ႔ မတူပဲ၊ ကိရိယာ သစ္က လူရဲ႕ သဘာ၀ခုခံအားစနစ္ ကို အသံုးခ်ၿပီး ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္ကိုကာကြယ္ ေပးတယ္လို႔ သိရပါတယ္။ HIV ပိုး က လူ႔ခႏၶာကိုယ္ ခုခံအားစနစ္ရဲ႕ အေရးႀကီးတဲ့ T ဆဲလ္ေတြကို ထိခိုက္ ေစတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။<br />
<br />
T ဆဲလ္ေတြက ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္ကို တိုက္ခိုက္ဖို႔မလုပ္ရင္၊ ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္ကူးစက္မႈ႐ွိလာမွာမဟုတ္ပဲ လူအခ်င္းခ်င္းၾကား ကူးစက္မႈျဖစ္လာ မွာမဟုတ္ေတာ့ပါဘူး။ T ဆဲလ္ေတြ လႈပ္႐ွားမႈမ႐ွိတဲ့အေျခအေနကို ခုခံ အားစနစ္ ၿငိမ္သက္ေနတဲ့အေျခ အေနလို႔ေခၚပါတယ္။ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔ သိထားသလိုပါပဲ။ တခ်ိဳ႕ေသာက္ ေဆးေတြက ေမြးလမ္းေၾကာင္း၊ မိန္းမ ကိုယ္တို႔ထိ မေရာက္ႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ယခုကိရိယာသစ္က မိန္းမကိုယ္ထဲ ျမႇဳပ္ႏွံထား႐ံုနဲ႔ T ဆဲလ္ေတြကို ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္အား မတုန္႔ ျပန္ဖို႔ ထိန္းထားေပးႏိုင္မွာျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ပိုစိတ္ခ်ရကာ ပိုလည္း စရိတ္စက သက္သာေစပါတယ္လို႔ ႐ွင္းျပခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ယင္းမိန္းမကိုယ္ တြင္းျမႇဳပ္ထားရတဲ့ ကိရိယာကို ကင္ညာမွာလုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ျပည့္တန္ဆာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြရဲ႕ သုေတသနက အေတြးအေခၚရလာတာပါ။ ယင္း သုေတသနမွာ ျပည့္တန္ဆာ အမ်ိဳးသမီးအမ်ားျပားက HIV ပိုး႐ွိတဲ့ အမ်ိဳးသားေဖာက္သည္ေတြနဲ႔ လိင္ဆက္ဆံေပမဲ့ HIV ပိုး ကူးစက္မ ခံရတာကို ေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။<br />
<br />ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဆက္လက္ေလ့လာ ၾကည့္တဲ့အခါ ယင္းအမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြရဲ႕ T ဆဲလ္ေတြက ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္ကို တုန္႔ျပန္ မႈမ႐ွိတာ ေတြ႕ခဲ့ရပါတယ္။ ယင္း အခ်က္ကို ေတြ႕ၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႔စဥ္းစားခဲ့တာက ေဆး၀ါးေတြသံုးၿပီးေတာ့ေရာ ခုခံအား စနစ္ကို တက္ႀကြမႈမ႐ွိေအာင္လုပ္လို႔ မရဘူးလားဆိုတဲ့ အခ်က္ပါပဲ။ ေဆးကို မိမိလိုအပ္တဲ့ေနရာကို တိုက္႐ိုက္ ပို႔ေဆာင္ေပးျခင္းအားျဖင့္ ခုခံအားစနစ္ကို ပိုၿပီးထိထိေရာက္ ေရာက္ ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ႏိုင္မွာပဲလို႔ တြက္ဆ ၿပီး ယခုကိရိယာကို ထုတ္လုပ္ခဲ့ျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ကိရိယာသစ္မွာ ျပြန္ ငယ္ေလးတစ္ခုနဲ႔ ေကြးဆန္႔ႏိုင္ၿပီး ထည့္ထားတဲ့ေနရာမွာ ၿမဲေအာင္ထိန္း ထားမဲ့ လက္ေမာင္းေလးႏွစ္ခု ပါပါ တယ္။ ေဆးအေနနဲ႔ hydroxy- chloroquine ပါ၀င္ၿပီး ျပြန္အေပါက္ ေလး မ်ားမွတဆင့္ တျဖည္းျဖည္း ထုတ္ေပးကာ၊ မိန္းမကိုယ္နံရံကေန တိုက္႐ိုက္စုပ္ယူၿပီး T ဆဲလ္ေတြရဲ႕ တက္ႀကြမႈကို ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ေပးႏိုင္တာ ေတြ႕ခဲ့ရပါ တယ္။<br />
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<br />၁။ဂႏိုေရာဂါဆိုတာဘာလဲ။<br />ဂႏိုေရာဂါဆိုတာ လိင္ဆက္ဆံ ျခင္းကေန ကူးစက္တတ္တဲ့ေရာဂါ တစ္မ်ိဳးပါ။ Neisseria gonorrhoeae လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ ဘက္တီးရီးယားပိုး ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ရတာပါ။ ေရာဂါပိုးေတြ ကို အဓိကအားျဖင့္ အမ်ိဳးသားမ်ား ရဲ႕သုတ္ရည္၊ အမ်ိဳးသမီးအဂၤါဇာတ္ အတြင္းမွလာေသာ အရည္မ်ားမွာ ေတြ႔ရတတ္ပါတယ္။<br /><br />၂။ ဂႏိုေရာဂါက ဘယ္လိုကူးစက္ တတ္လဲ။<br />ဂႏုိေရာဂါဟာ က်ားအဂၤါ၊ မအဂၤါ၊ ပါးစပ္၊ စအိုေတြနဲ႔ အကာ အကြယ္မဲ့ လိင္ဆက္ဆံတာ၊ လိင္ ဆက္ဆံျခင္းအတြက္ အသံုးျပဳတဲ့ (တျခားလူသံုးထားတဲ့) sex toys, vibrators (လိင္ေျဖေဖ်ာ္မႈပစၥည္း မ်ား)ေတြကို ေသခ်ာမေဆးဘဲ၊ အကာအကြယ္မဲ့အသံုးျပဳတာေတြက ေန ကူးစက္၀င္ေရာက္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဂႏိုပိုးဟာ သားအိ္မ္ေခါင္း၊ ဆီးျပြန္၊ စအို၊ တစ္ခါတရံ အာေခါင္နဲ႔ မ်က္လံုးေတြမွာ ပံုစံအမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးျဖင့္ ေပါက္ပြားေနထိုင္တတ္ေသာပိုးမ်ား ျဖစ္ၿပီး အလြယ္တကူ ေရာဂါလကၡ ဏာမျပတတ္ပါဘူး။ ဂႏိုေရာဂါက မိခင္မွာ႐ွိေနခဲ့ရင္ သူမက ေမြးဖြား လာမယ့္ ကေလးငယ္ဆီကိုလည္း ကူးစက္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ကေလးငယ္ကို ကူးစက္ခဲ့ရင္ တစ္သက္လံုး မ်က္စိကြယ္တဲ့ အထိျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ကိုယ္၀န္သည္ေတြအေနနဲ႔ ကေလးမ ေမြးဖြားခင္ မိမိမွာ ဂႏို ေရာဂါ႐ွိမ႐ွိစစ္ ေဆးဖို႔လုိအပ္ၿပီး အခ်္ိန္မီကုသဖို႔လို အပ္ပါတယ္။<br /><br />၃။ဂႏိုေရာဂါက ေပြ႕ဖက္တာကေန ကူးပါသလာ)