no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
Wed, 08 Dec 2021 21:00:09 GMT
Wed, 08 Dec 2021 11:14:29 GMT
Strict-Transport-Security:
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
/var/www/production/htdocs/wp-content/cache/wp-rocket/freespeechdebate.com///index-https.html
/wp-content/cache/wp-rocket/freespeechdebate.com///index-https.html
X-Rocket-Nginx-Serving-Static:
Yes
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 ie7" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 ie8" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]> <html class="no-js ie9" lang="en-US"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 9]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<title>
Free Speech Debate</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/8d6c600f3c655f731596befc107ace2d.css" media="all" data-minify="1" />
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11">
<link rel="pingback" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/xmlrpc.php">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="icon" type="image/gif" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/themes/fsd-2015/img/favicon.gif" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-hans" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/zh-hans/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/fr/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/de/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ja/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ru" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ru/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="es" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/es/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ar" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ar/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="hi" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/hi/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="fa" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/fa/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="pt-pt" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/pt-pt/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="tr" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/tr/" />
<link rel="alternate" hreflang="ur" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ur/" />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maps.googleapis.com' />
<link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' />
<style type="text/css">
img.wp-smiley,
img.emoji {
display: inline !important;
border: none !important;
box-shadow: none !important;
height: 1em !important;
width: 1em !important;
margin: 0 .07em !important;
vertical-align: -0.1em !important;
background: none !important;
padding: 0 !important;
}
</style>
<style id='wpml-legacy-dropdown-0-inline-css' type='text/css'>
.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions{background-color:#eeeeee;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a {border-color:#cdcdcd;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a {color:#444444;background-color:#ffffff;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a:hover,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a:focus {color:#000000;background-color:#eeeeee;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language>a {color:#444444;background-color:#ffffff;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language:hover>a, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language>a:focus {color:#000000;background-color:#eeeeee;}
</style>
<script type='text/javascript' src='//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyBnWy_CTmrb1Wlx2r01bAF6h5ZO_L-rl7o&ver=0.3'></script>
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" />
<link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" />
<meta name="generator" content="WordPress 4.9.18" />
<meta name="generator" content="WPML ver:3.9.3 stt:5,60,1,4,3,21,28,17,42,46,2,54,56;" />
<!-- Stream WordPress user activity plugin v3.8.2 -->
<!-- Facebook optimisation -->
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="8VSndBgxHErRnvjcEI-WwbLv_hNz_4KewHNe2zFmNT4" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/themes/fsd-2015/js/header_ie.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body class="home blog">
<a class="skip-link" href="#main">Skip to main content</a>
<div id="page" class="hfeed site">
<header id="banner" role="banner">
<div class="wrap gold">
<div class="row">
<div id="langs" class="col s12 | languages">
<button class="lang-toggle"><i class="material-icons">language</i><span>Languages</span></button>
<ul class="lang-options">
<li><a class="bbl-lang-arbbl-lang-ar bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ar/" title="العربية">العربية</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-de_DEbbl-lang-de bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/de/" title="Deutsch">Deutsch</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-en_USbbl-lang-en bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang bbl-active" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/" title="English">English</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-es_ESbbl-lang-es bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/es/" title="Español">Español</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-fa_IRbbl-lang-fa bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/fa/" title="فارسی">فارسی</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-fr_FRbbl-lang-fr bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/fr/" title="Français">Français</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-bbl-lang-hi bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/hi/" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-jabbl-lang-ja bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ja/" title="日本語">日本語</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-pt_PTbbl-lang-pt-pt bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/pt-pt/" title="Português">Português</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-ru_RUbbl-lang-ru bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ru/" title="Русский">Русский</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-trbbl-lang-tr bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/tr/" title="Türkçe">Türkçe</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-bbl-lang-ur bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ur/" title="اردو ">اردو </a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-zh_CNbbl-lang-zh-hans bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/zh-hans/" title="简体中文">简体中文</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div><!-- /.wrap -->
<div class="wrap dark-blue main-navigation-wrap">
<div class="row">
<nav id="main-nav" class="col s12 main-navigation" role="navigation">
<div class="col s12 l4 branding">
<button data-activates="nav-mobile" class="button-collapse nav-toggle">
<i class="material-icons">menu</i><span class="sr-only">Main Menu</span></button>
<a class="logo-txt" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/" rel="home">
Free Speech Debate </a>
<a href="#search-modal" data-target="search-modal" class="search-toggle mobile modal-trigger "><i class="material-icons">search</i><span class="sr-only">Search the site</span></a>
</div>
<div class="col s12 l8 main-menu">
<ul id="nav-mobile" class="side-nav"><li id="menu-item-151995" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-151995"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/map/">Countries</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-151999" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-151999"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/topics/">Topics</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-151996" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-151996"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/contributors/">Contributors</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152000" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-152000"><a href="/discussions">Read & Discuss</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152001" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-152001"><a href="/media">Watch & Listen</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152009" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-152009"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/the-project/">About</a>
<ul class="sub-menu">
<li id="menu-item-152004" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152004"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/the-project/">The project</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152005" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152005"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/our-team/">Our team</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152006" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152006"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/our-advisers/">Our advisers</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152007" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152007"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/sponsors-and-partners/">Funders and partners</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152003"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/community-standards/">Community standards</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152008"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/contact/">Contact us</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-152010" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-152010"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/in-the-media/">In the media</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="icon-item non-modal podcast-item"><a class="" href="https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/free-speech-debate" title="Podcast"><i class="material-icons">mic</i><span>Podcast</span></a></li><li class="icon-item search-item"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/?s=" data-target="search-modal" class="search-toggle modal-trigger" title="Search the site"><i class="material-icons">search</i><span>Search the site</span></a></li><li class="icon-item user-item"><a href="" data-target="user-modal" class="user-toggle modal-trigger" title="Your account"><i class="material-icons">account_circle</i><span>Your account</span></a></li></ul> </div>
</nav><!-- /.main-navigation -->
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div><!-- /.wrap -->
</header><!-- .site-header -->
<div id="main" role="main">
<div class="wrap">
<section class="section featured-content" aria-describedby="featured">
<div class="row">
<div class="col s12 no-padding">
<h2 id="featured" class="sr-only">Featured Content</h2>
<div class="carousel-container">
<div id="carousel" class="carousel">
<div id="mobile-slide-1" class="row mobile-slide">
<div id="block-1" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 large">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/media/wojciech-sadurski-defamation/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screenshot-2021-04-27-at-14.23.10-800x400.png');" class="feature-block large">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Wojciech Sadurski: defamation and the dangers to democracy in Poland</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-2" class="f-col" data-classes="col s6 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-climate-scientis/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/IMG_9929-800x400.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">A day in the life of a climate scientist</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-3" class="f-col" data-classes="col s6 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/an-impregnable-fortress-of-information/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ministry_of_Justice_Japan01s3200-800x400.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Kisha clubs in Japan: an impregnable fortress of information</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
</div><div id="mobile-slide-2" class="row mobile-slide">
<div id="block-4" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/licensed-leafleting-means-lost-liberties-in-britain/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RTR1WK9F-800x400.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Licensed leafleting means lost liberties in Britain</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-5" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/case/bioterrorism-and-bird-flu/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/72645633-800x400.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Bioterrorism and bird flu</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-6" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/media/seen-from-india-is-freedom-of-expression-under-threat-in-the-digital-age-2/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/RTR38WHY-800x400.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Is the ‘hands-off’ internet different to internet freedom?</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
</div><div id="mobile-slide-3" class="row mobile-slide">
<div id="block-7" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/media/new-video-content-on-free-speech-in-2017/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/10-principles.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">An introductory guide to the ten principles</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-8" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 small">
<a href="http://freespeechdebate.com/read-the-book/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/IMG_2867-800x400.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Read the book</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-9" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/media/wendy-barclay-on-censoring-science/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Screenshot-2021-04-03-at-14.39.35-800x400.png');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Wendy Barclay: Should scientific knowledge which could be used as a bioweapon be withheld from publication?</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
</div><div id="mobile-slide-4" class="row mobile-slide">
<div id="block-10" class="f-col" data-classes="col s12 large">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/case/a-right-to-lie-about-your-government/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/2519766036_d988be0058_z.jpeg');" class="feature-block large">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">A right to lie about government?</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-11" class="f-col" data-classes="col s6 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/why-should-amazon-be-our-taste-and-decency-police/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/1275032151.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Why should Amazon be our taste and decency police?</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div id="block-12" class="f-col" data-classes="col s6 small">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/did-tamiflu-work-how-can-we-know-if-we-cant-find-out/" style="background-image: url('https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/78133193.jpeg');" class="feature-block small">
<div class="cover">
<h4 class="title">Did Tamiflu work? How can we know if we can’t find out?</h4>
</div>
<div class="gradient"></div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- /#carousel -->
</div><!-- /.carousel-container -->
</div><!-- /.col -->
</div><!-- /.row -->
</section>
<section class="section the-ten-principles" aria-describedby="ten">
<div class="row">
<div class="col s12 section-intro">
<h2 id="ten">10 Principles</h2>
<p>Explore each area. Agree or disagree with the principle. And vote!</p>
<p class="mobile-only">Swipe left to browse all ten principles.</p>
</div>
</div><!-- /.row -->
<div class="mobile-rail">
<div class="row section-content">
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-274 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p1">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-1/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Lifeblood3-472x251.jpg" alt="Lifeblood" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">01</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Lifeblood</h1>
<p>We – all human beings – must be free and able to express ourselves, and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas, regardless of frontiers.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-276 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p2">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-2/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Violence3-472x251.jpg" alt="Violence" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">02</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Violence</h1>
<p>We neither make threats of violence nor accept violent intimidation.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-278 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p3">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-3/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Knowledge3-472x251.jpg" alt="Knowledge" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">03</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Knowledge</h1>
<p>We allow no taboos against and seize every chance for the spread of knowledge.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-280 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p4">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-4/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Journalism3-472x251.jpg" alt="Journalism" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">04</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Journalism</h1>
<p>We require uncensored, diverse, trustworthy media so we can make well-informed decisions and participate fully in political life.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-282 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p5">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-5/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Diversity1-472x251.jpg" alt="Diversity" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">05</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Diversity</h1>
<p>We express ourselves openly and with robust civility about all kinds of human difference.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-284 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p6">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-6/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Candle-2-472x251.jpg" alt="Religion" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">06</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Religion</h1>
<p>We respect the believer but not necessarily the content of the belief.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-286 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p7">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-7/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Gagged_by_Privacy-472x251.jpg" alt="Privacy" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">07</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Privacy</h1>
<p>We must be able to protect our privacy and to counter slurs on our reputations, but not prevent scrutiny that is in the public interest.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-288 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p8">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-8/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/6555467573_3e8e837710_o-472x251.png" alt="Secrecy" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">08</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Secrecy</h1>
<p>We must be empowered to challenge all limits to freedom of information justified on such grounds as national security.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-290 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p9">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-9/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Protest_against_internet-1-e1451909201879-472x251.jpg" alt="Icebergs" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">09</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Icebergs</h1>
<p>We defend the internet and other systems of communication against illegitimate encroachments by both public and private powers.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col m3 p-col">
<article class="card card-principle matchHeight post-292 principle type-principle status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p10">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/principle/p-10/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Courage3-472x251.jpg" alt="Courage" />
<div class="overlay">
<span class="badge">10</span>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<h1 class="card-title">Courage</h1>
<p>We decide for ourselves and face the consequences.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div>
<div class="controls">
<a href="#" class="prev-slide"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></i><span class="show-for-sr">Previous card</span></a>
<a href="#" class="next-slide"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><span class="show-for-sr">Next card</span></a>
</div>
</section>
<section class="section highlights" aria-describedby="highlights">
<div class="row">
<div class="col s12 section-intro">
<h2 id="highlights">Highlights</h2>
<p class="mobile-only">Swipe left to browse all of the highlights.</p>
</div>
</div><!-- /.row -->
<div class="mobile-rail">
<div class="row section-content">
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662034208 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-history tag-memory tax_principle-p1 tax_principle-p10 tax_principle-p2 tax_principle-p3 meta-highlight country-fr contributor-heinze-eric">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/peeing-on-petain/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Pétain_vers_1940-472x251.jpg" alt="Peeing on Pétain" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Peeing on Pétain</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Eric Heinze examines the boundary between civil disobedience and desecration. </p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662033853 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-no-platforming tag-politics tag-robust-civility tag-university tax_principle-p1 tax_principle-p5 tax_principle-p6 meta-highlight country-gb contributor-heinze-eric">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/what-is-dehumanising-speech/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/John_Finnis_on_After_Dark_26th_June_1987-472x251.jpg" alt="What is ‘dehumanising’ speech?" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">What is ‘dehumanising’ speech?</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Eric Heinze provocatively argues that no-platformers need to look into the mirror and examine their own blind spots. </p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662033749 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-democracy tag-facebook tag-internet tag-privacy tax_principle-p1 tax_principle-p7 tax_principle-p9 meta-highlight country-gb country-us contributor-garton-ash-timothy contributor-gorwa-robert contributor-metaxa-danae">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/glasnost-nine-ways-facebook-can-make-itself-a-better-forum-for-free-speech-and-democracy/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Facebook-Front-Cover-Graphic-472x251.png" alt="Glasnost! Nine ways Facebook can make itself a better forum for free speech and democracy" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Glasnost! Nine ways Facebook can make itself a better forum for free speech and democracy</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Free Speech Debate co-authors an Oxford-Stanford report on Facebook.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662033469 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-history tag-memory-laws tag-ua tax_principle-p1 tax_principle-p3 meta-highlight country-ua contributor-jones-ot">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/lenin-fall-free-speech-and-the-politics-of-memory-in-ukraine/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Falling_of_Lenin_in_Khmelnytskyi_park-472x251.jpg" alt="‘Lenin-fall’: free speech and the politics of memory in Ukraine" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">‘Lenin-fall’: free speech and the politics of memory in Ukraine</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>O.T. Jones argues that the Ukrainian state should not restrict open historical debate but use its 'expressive' powers to foster a nuanced understanding of the past.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662032148 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-politics tag-robust-civility tag-safe-spaces tag-university meta-highlight country-gb contributor-heinze-eric">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/are-you-sitting-comfortably-how-safe-spaces-became-dangerous/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Shutterstock-Comfortable-Protest-Sign-Image-472x251.jpg" alt="Are you sitting comfortably? How safe spaces became dangerous" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Are you sitting comfortably? How safe spaces became dangerous</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>We must distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate safe spaces, argues Eric Heinze.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662031637 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-internet tag-power tag-technology tax_principle-p5 tax_principle-p9 meta-highlight country-no country-gb country-us contributor-fletcher-richard">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/online-news-is-highly-polarised-in-some-countries-but-technology-is-not-to-blame-the-bbc-is-the-most-popular-source-of-online-news-in-the-uk-byrion-smith-via/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/11123530043_1d28f2fa35_o-472x251.jpg" alt="Don’t blame news polarisation on the internet…it’s not the technology, stupid!" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Don’t blame news polarisation on the internet…it’s not the technology, stupid!</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>The internet does not guarantee polarised news, argues Richard Fletcher.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662031355 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-citizen-journalism tag-in tag-internet-access tag-minorities tax_principle-p1 tax_principle-p9 meta-highlight country-in contributor-biswas-arpita">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/bridging-the-deep-digital-divide-in-india/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Biswas-Cover-Image-472x251.png" alt="Bridging the deep digital divide in India" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Bridging the deep digital divide in India</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Only 17% of rural India has internet access. But citizen journalism is giving voice to minorities says Arpita Biswas.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662031167 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-blasphemy tag-media tag-politics tag-russia tax_principle-p4 tax_principle-p6 meta-highlight country-ru contributor-haft-helen">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/russia-the-church-has-an-enemy-in-every-home-its-television/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Helen-Haft-Cover-Image-472x251.jpg" alt="Russia: ‘The Church has an enemy in every home.’ It’s television." />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Russia: ‘The Church has an enemy in every home.’ It’s television.</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Helen Haft explains how the Orthodox Church has eroded freedom of the media and lobbied for the 2013 law against offending religious feelings.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662031015 extmedia type-extmedia status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tax_principle-p4 videoset-media-for-democracy videoform-full meta-highlight contributor-garton-ash-timothy">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/media/are-we-losing-the-media-we-need-for-democracy/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Parthenon-Image-472x251.jpg" alt="Are we losing the media we need for democracy?" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Are we losing the media we need for democracy?</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Timothy Garton Ash discusses the importance of and whether we are losing the media for democracy at the General Editors Network Summit 2017 in Vienna.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662030744 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-africa tag-politics tag-technology tax_principle-p9 meta-highlight country-cn country-et country-us contributor-gagliardone-iginio">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/the-internet-alone-will-not-set-africa-free/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Iginio-Gagliardone-Cover-Image-472x251.jpeg" alt="The internet alone will not set Africa free" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">The internet alone will not set Africa free</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Iginio Gagliardone explores the surprising technopolitics of two competing visions of the internet, US and Chinese, in Ethiopia.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662030733 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-nationalism tag-secrecy tax_principle-p8 meta-highlight country-jp contributor-stockwin-arthur">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/freedom-of-speech-in-japan-and-the-designated-secrets-law-of-2013/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Shinzo-Abe-Donald-Trump-Cover-Image-472x251.jpeg" alt="Freedom of speech in Japan and the Designated Secrets Law" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Freedom of speech in Japan and the Designated Secrets Law</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Arthur Stockwin explains the four main areas where free speech is under threat in Japan.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m6 l3 card-highlight">
<article class="card post-662030711 discussion type-discussion status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry tag-il tag-no-platforming tag-robust-civility tag-university tax_principle-p5 meta-highlight country-il country-gb contributor-heinze-eric">
<a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/israel-no-platforming-and-why-theres-no-such-thing-as-narrow-exceptions-to-campus-free-speech/">
<header class="entry-header card-image">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Eric-Heinze-Israel-and-No-Platforming-Cover-Image-472x251.jpg" alt="Israel, no-platforming – and why there’s no such thing as ‘narrow exceptions’ to campus free speech" />
<div class="overlay">
<h1 class="card-title">Israel, no-platforming – and why there’s no such thing as ‘narrow exceptions’ to campus free speech</h1>
</div>
</header>
<div class="entry-summary card-content">
<p>Eric Heinze argues that it is contradictory to the principles of free speech to criticise the Israeli ambassador to Britain online and then no-platform him at a university talk.</p>
</div>
</a>
</article>
</div>
<!-- </div> -->
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div>
<div class="controls">
<a href="#" class="prev-slide"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></i><span class="show-for-sr">Previous card</span></a>
<a href="#" class="next-slide"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></i><span class="show-for-sr">Next card</span></a>
</div>
</section>
<div id="sticky-actions" class="sticky-actions">
<button id="sticky-close" class="sticky-close"><i class="material-icons">close</i></button>
<div class="row">
<div class="col s12 inner">
<section class="whats-missing" aria-describedby="what">
<h4 id="what" class="card-title">What's missing?</h4>
<p>Is there a vital area we have not addressed? A principle 11? An illuminating case study? Read other people’s suggestions and add your own here. Or start the debate in your own language.</p>
<a class="btn" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/whats-missing/">Get involved</a>
</section>
</div>
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div>
</div><!-- /.wrap -->
</div><!-- /main -->
<div class="forprint">
<hr />
<p>Free Speech Debate is a research project of the Dahrendorf Programme for the Study of Freedom at St Antony's College in the University of Oxford. www.freespeechdebate.ox.ac.uk</p>
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/themes/fsd-2015/img/oxford.gif" alt="The University of Oxford" width="230" height="75" class="footer-mark" />
</div>
<footer role="contentinfo">
<div class="wrap dark-blue">
<div class="row">
<div class="col s12 l7 colophon">
<h5>About Free Speech Debate</h5>
<p>Free Speech Debate is a research project of the Dahrendorf Programme for the Study of Freedom at St Antony's College in the University of Oxford.</p>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m7 l3 learn-more">
<h5>Read more</h5>
<ul id="footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-662014473" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-662014473"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/terms/">Terms of use</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-662014474" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-662014474"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/copyright-attribution/">Copyright & attribution</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-662014475" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-662014475"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/accessibility/">Accessibility</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-662014476" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-662014476"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-662014472" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-662014472"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/cookies/">Cookies</a></li>
<li id="menu-item-662014477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-662014477"><a href="https://twitter.com/onfreespeech">Follow on Twitter</a></li>
<li class="icon-item non-modal podcast-item"><a class="" href="https://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/free-speech-debate" title="Podcast"><i class="material-icons">mic</i><span>Podcast</span></a></li><li class="icon-item search-item"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/?s=" data-target="search-modal" class="search-toggle modal-trigger" title="Search the site"><i class="material-icons">search</i><span>Search the site</span></a></li><li class="icon-item user-item"><a href="" data-target="user-modal" class="user-toggle modal-trigger" title="Your account"><i class="material-icons">account_circle</i><span>Your account</span></a></li></ul>
</div>
<div class="col s12 m4 l2 uni-logo">
<a class="logo-img" href="http://www.ox.ac.uk/" title="Visit The University of Oxford website">
<img src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/themes/fsd-2015/img/oxford.gif" alt="The University of Oxford" width="230" height="75" /></a>
</div>
</div><!-- /.row -->
</div><!-- /.wrap -->
</footer>
</div><!-- /.site -->
<div id="search-modal" class="modal search-modal">
<button class="modal-close"><i class="material-icons">close</i></button>
<div class="modal-content">
<h4>Search</h4>
<form role="form" method="get" id="searchform" action="//cse.google.co.uk/cse">
<label class="visuallyhidden" for="q">Search</label>
<div class="inputs">
<input id="cx" value="011222960384016654111:ogvmg_k80my" name="cx" type="hidden">
<input id="q" value="" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text">
<button id="searchsubmit" type="submit"><i class="material-icons">search</i><span>Search</span></button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div id="user-modal" class="modal user-modal">
<button id="modal-close" class="modal-close"><i class="material-icons">close</i></button>
<div class="modal-content">
<h4>Your account</h4>
<form name="loginform" id="loginform" action="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-login.php" method="post">
<p class="login-username">
<label for="user_login">Username or Email Address</label>
<input type="text" name="log" id="user_login" class="input" value="" size="20" />
</p>
<p class="login-password">
<label for="user_pass">Password</label>
<input type="password" name="pwd" id="user_pass" class="input" value="" size="20" />
</p>
<p class="login-remember"><label><input name="rememberme" type="checkbox" id="rememberme" value="forever" /> Remember Me</label></p>
<p class="login-submit">
<input type="submit" name="wp-submit" id="wp-submit" class="button button-primary" value="Log In" />
<input type="hidden" name="redirect_to" value="https://freespeechdebate.com/" />
</p>
</form> <p class="user-register"><a href="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-login.php?action=register" title="Register">Register</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div id="lang-modal" class="modal lang-modal">
<button class="modal-close"><i class="material-icons">close</i></button>
<div class="modal-content">
<h4>Language</h4>
<ul class="lang-options">
<li><a class="bbl-lang-arbbl-lang-ar bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ar/" title="العربية">العربية</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-de_DEbbl-lang-de bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/de/" title="Deutsch">Deutsch</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-en_USbbl-lang-en bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang bbl-active" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/" title="English">English</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-es_ESbbl-lang-es bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/es/" title="Español">Español</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-fa_IRbbl-lang-fa bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/fa/" title="فارسی">فارسی</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-fr_FRbbl-lang-fr bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/fr/" title="Français">Français</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-bbl-lang-hi bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/hi/" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-jabbl-lang-ja bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ja/" title="日本語">日本語</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-pt_PTbbl-lang-pt-pt bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/pt-pt/" title="Português">Português</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-ru_RUbbl-lang-ru bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ru/" title="Русский">Русский</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-trbbl-lang-tr bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/tr/" title="Türkçe">Türkçe</a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-bbl-lang-ur bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/ur/" title="اردو ">اردو </a></li>
<li><a class="bbl-lang-zh_CNbbl-lang-zh-hans bbl-existing bbl-front-page bbl-lang" href="https://freespeechdebate.com/zh-hans/" title="简体中文">简体中文</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<!-- GA Google Analytics @ https://m0n.co/ga -->
<script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-28347360-1', 'auto');
ga('set', 'anonymizeIp', true);
ga('set', 'forceSSL', true);
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script>
<script src="https://freespeechdebate.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/18e6d3235cdfb2447bfde820241e15fd.js" data-minify="1"></script></body>
</html>
<!-- This website is like a Rocket, isn't it? Performance optimized by WP Rocket. Learn more: https://wp-rocket.me - Debug: cached@1638962069 -->