August 15, 2020 at 3:02:15 AM UTC
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On August 15, 2020 at 3:02:15 AM UTC, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_pandemic was accessible when tested on AS7922 in United States.
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96.114.123.3
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IN A en.wikipedia.org
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dyna.wikimedia.org
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IN
A
208.80.154.224
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208.80.154.224:443: succeeded
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GET https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_pandemic
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">COVID-19 pandemic</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
<div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">  (Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=2019%E2%80%9320_coronavirus_pandemic&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 coronavirus pandemic">2019–20 coronavirus pandemic</a>)</span></div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"2019–2020 outbreak" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_outbreak_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="2019–2020 outbreak (disambiguation)">2019–2020 outbreak (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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</p>
<table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#FFCCCB">COVID‑19 pandemic</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg" class="image"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map per Capita.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/330px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="169" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/495px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg/660px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="1500" /></a><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Confirmed cases per 100,000 population as of 14 August 2020</div>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 8em; -webkit-column-width: 8em; column-width: 8em; -moz-column-gap: 0; -webkit-column-gap: 0; column-gap: 0; padding-left:3em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #510000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> >3,000</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #900000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1,000–3,000</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #c80200; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 300–1,000</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ee7070; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 100–300</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffc0c0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 30–100</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffdfe0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 0–30</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #e0e0e0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> None or no data</span></li></ul></div>
</div>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="margin:0 3.5em">Cases per country</div></th>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg" class="image"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/320px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="164" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/480px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg/640px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="1500" /></a><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Total confirmed cases per country as of 14 August 2020</div>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 8em; -webkit-column-width: 8em; column-width: 8em; -moz-column-gap: 0; -webkit-column-gap: 0; column-gap: 0; padding-left:3em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #510000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1,000,000+</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #900000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 100,000–999,999</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #c80200; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 10,000–99,999</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ee7070; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1,000–9,999</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffc0c0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 100–999</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffdfe0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1–99</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #e0e0e0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> None or no data</span></li></ul></div>
</div>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;">
<tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em;"><div style="margin:0 3.5em"><span class="nowrap">Deaths per capita</span></div></th>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg" class="image"><img alt="COVID-19 Outbreak World Map Total Deaths per Capita.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/320px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="162" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/480px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg/640px-COVID-19_Outbreak_World_Map_Total_Deaths_per_Capita.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a><div style="text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Confirmed deaths per million population as of 2 August 2020</div>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 8em; -webkit-column-width: 8em; column-width: 8em; -moz-column-gap: 0; -webkit-column-gap: 0; column-gap: 0; padding-left:3em;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #253494; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 100+</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #2c7fb8; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 10–100</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #41b6c4; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1–10</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #7fcdbb; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 0.1–1</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #c7e9b4; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 0–0.1</span></li><li style="margin: 0;"><span class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #e0e0e0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> None or no data</span></li></ul></div>
</div>
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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COVID-19_Nurse_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-COVID-19_Nurse_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/COVID-19_Nurse_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-COVID-19_Nurse_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Meeting of the Italian government task force to face the coronavirus outbreak, 23 February 2020" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/142px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/213px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg/284px-2020_coronavirus_task_force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1133" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Taiwanese 33rd Chemical Corps spraying disinfectant on a street in Taipei, Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg/142px-%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="95" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg/213px-%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg/284px-%E8%94%A1%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%B0%8E33%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%B5%E7%BE%A4_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:90px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Burial in Hamadan, Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg/148px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="90" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg/222px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg/296px-Temporary_graves_in_Iran_during_COVID-19_pandemic_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="640" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:90px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Workers unloading boxes of medical supplies at Villamor Air Base" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/136px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="91" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/204px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg/272px-China_COVID19_test_kit_PH_donation_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption-center" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent"><b>Clockwise, starting from top</b>:<div class="hlist hlist-separated">
<ul><li>A nurse caring for a COVID‑19 patient in an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">intensive care</a> unit aboard a U.S. hospital ship</li>
<li>Disinfection vehicles in Taiwan</li>
<li>Donated medical supplies being received in the Philippines</li>
<li>Burial in Iran</li>
<li>The <a href="/wiki/Conte_II_Cabinet" title="Conte II Cabinet">Italian government</a>'s outbreak task force</li></ul>
</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Disease</th><td><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID‑19)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Virus strain</th><td><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome<br />coronavirus 2</a> (SARS‑CoV‑2)<sup id="cite_ref-fn1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-2">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Source</th><td>Probably <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bats</a>, possibly via <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolins</a><sup id="cite_ref-reuters223180_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters223180-3">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Location</th><td><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Worldwide</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">First outbreak</th><td>China<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[4]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">Index case</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, China<br /><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=COVID-19_pandemic&params=30_37_11_N_114_15_28_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-42"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°37′11″N</span> <span class="longitude">114°15′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30.61972°N 114.25778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">30.61972; 114.25778</span></span></span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Date</th><td>1 December 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2019-12-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[4]</a></sup>–present<br />(8 months, 1 week and 6 days)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Confirmed cases</th><td>20,936,041<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Active cases</th><td>7,169,356<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Recovered</th><td>13,006,841<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Deaths</div></th><td>759,844<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Territories</div></th><td>188<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>COVID‑19 pandemic</b>, also known as the <b>coronavirus pandemic</b>, is an ongoing global <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID‑19), caused by <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> (SARS‑CoV‑2).<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_name_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_name-1">[1]</a></sup> The outbreak was first identified in December 2019 in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> declared the outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-8">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-9">[8]</a></sup> As of 14 August 2020, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">more than 20.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases</a> of COVID‑19 have been reported in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">more than 188 countries and territories</a>, resulting in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">more than 759,000 deaths</a>; more than 13<span class="nowrap"> </span>million people have recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="excerpt">The virus is primarily <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)" title="Transmission (medicine)">spread</a> between people in close proximity,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[b]</a></sup> most often via <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_droplet" title="Respiratory droplet">small droplets</a> produced by coughing,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[c]</a></sup> sneezing, and talking.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup> The droplets usually fall to the ground or onto surfaces rather than <a href="/wiki/Airborne_disease" title="Airborne disease">travelling through air over long distances</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a></sup> However, the transmission may also occur through <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">smaller droplets</a> that are able to stay suspended in the air for longer periods of time in enclosed spaces, as typical for <a href="/wiki/Airborne_disease" title="Airborne disease">airborne diseases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17">[14]</a></sup> Less commonly, people may become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their face.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup> It is most contagious during the first three days after the onset of symptoms, although spread is possible before symptoms appear, and from people who do not show symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup></div>
<p>Common symptoms include fever, cough, <a href="/wiki/Fatigue" title="Fatigue">fatigue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shortness_of_breath" title="Shortness of breath">shortness of breath</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anosmia" title="Anosmia">loss of sense of smell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RFLSD_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFLSD-18">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2020Sym_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020Sym-19">[16]</a></sup> Complications may include <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome" title="Acute respiratory distress syndrome">acute respiratory distress syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Interim_Guidance_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Interim_Guidance-20">[17]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Incubation_period" title="Incubation period">time from exposure to onset of symptoms</a> is typically around five days but may range from two to fourteen days.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2020Over222_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020Over222-21">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a></sup> There are several <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">vaccine candidates</a> in development, although none have completed <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> to prove their safety and efficacy. There is no known <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">specific antiviral medication</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup> so primary treatment is currently <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">symptomatic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-APVG0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APVG0-23">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>Recommended <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">preventive measures</a> include <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">hand washing</a>, covering one's mouth when coughing, <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">maintaining distance from other people</a>, wearing a <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">face mask</a> in public settings, disinfecting surfaces, increasing ventilation and air filtration indoors,<sup id="cite_ref-CDCasof07092020_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCasof07092020-24">[21]</a></sup> and monitoring and <a href="/wiki/Self-isolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-isolation">self-isolation</a> for people who suspect they are infected.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-covid19govtnz_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-covid19govtnz-25">[22]</a></sup> Authorities worldwide <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">have responded</a> by implementing <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">travel restrictions</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">lockdowns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">workplace hazard controls</a>, and facility closures in order to slow the spread of the disease. Many places have also worked to increase <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">testing</a> capacity and <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">trace contacts</a> of infected persons.
</p><p>The pandemic has caused global <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic</a> disruption,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200229_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200229-26">[23]</a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus recession">the largest global recession</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a></sup> Up to 100 million people have fallen into extreme poverty<sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_1-28">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_2-29">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_3_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_3-30">[27]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic-related_famines" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic-related famines">global famines</a> are affecting 265 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a></sup> It has led to <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">the postponement or cancellation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">sporting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">religious</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">political</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">cultural</a> events,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTcancellations_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcancellations-32">[29]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">widespread supply shortages</a> exacerbated by <a href="/wiki/Panic_buying" title="Panic buying">panic buying</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-W7Y6Y_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W7Y6Y-33">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-c5kOh_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c5kOh-34">[31]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">decreased emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200323theguardian_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200323theguardian-35">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200219carbonbrief_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200219carbonbrief-36">[33]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Schools, universities, and colleges have been closed</a> either on a nationwide or local basis in 161 countries, affecting approximately 98.6 percent of the world's student population.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO2020_1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO2020_1-37">[34]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Misinformation about the virus</a> has circulated through social media and mass media.<sup id="cite_ref-r7xem_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r7xem-38">[35]</a></sup> There have been <a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">incidents of xenophobia and discrimination</a> against <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese people</a> and against those perceived as being Chinese or as being from areas with high infection rates.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a></sup>
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Epidemiology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Epidemiology</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Cases"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cases</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Duration"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Duration</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Signs_and_symptoms"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Signs and symptoms</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Cause"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Cause</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Transmission"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Transmission</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Virology"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Virology</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Diagnosis"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Diagnosis</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Viral_testing"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Viral testing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Imaging"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Imaging</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Prevention"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Prevention</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Hand_washing"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hand washing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Social_distancing"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Social distancing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Face_masks_and_respiratory_hygiene"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Face masks and respiratory hygiene</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Self-isolation"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Self-isolation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Surface_cleaning"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Surface cleaning</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Ventilation_and_air_filtration"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Ventilation and air filtration</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Vaccine"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Vaccine</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Management"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Management</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Screening,_containment_and_mitigation"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Contact_tracing"><span class="tocnumber">6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Contact tracing</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Treatment"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Treatment</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#2020"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">2020</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#National_responses"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">National responses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Asia"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Asia</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="#South_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">8.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">South Korea</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#France"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">France</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Italy"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Spain"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Spain</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Sweden"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sweden</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#United_Kingdom"><span class="tocnumber">8.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">United Kingdom</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#North_America"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">North America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#United_States"><span class="tocnumber">8.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#South_America"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">South America</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-43"><a href="#Brazil"><span class="tocnumber">8.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Brazil</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Africa"><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span> <span class="toctext">Africa</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Oceania"><span class="tocnumber">8.6</span> <span class="toctext">Oceania</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#International_responses"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">International responses</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#Travel_restrictions"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel restrictions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48"><a href="#Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49"><a href="#International_aid"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">International aid</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50"><a href="#United_Nations_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">United Nations response measures</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-51"><a href="#WHO_response_measures"><span class="tocnumber">9.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">WHO response measures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-52"><a href="#Impact"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Impact</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53"><a href="#Economics"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Supply_shortages"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Supply shortages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Oil_and_other_energy_markets"><span class="tocnumber">10.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Oil and other energy markets</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56"><a href="#Culture"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-57"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#China_2"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-59"><a href="#Italy_2"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Italy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#United_States_2"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">United States</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Other_countries"><span class="tocnumber">10.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Other countries</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-62"><a href="#Famine"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Famine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-63"><a href="#Education"><span class="tocnumber">10.5</span> <span class="toctext">Education</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-64"><a href="#Other_health_issues"><span class="tocnumber">10.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other health issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-65"><a href="#Environment_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">10.7</span> <span class="toctext">Environment and climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-66"><a href="#Xenophobia_and_racism"><span class="tocnumber">10.8</span> <span class="toctext">Xenophobia and racism</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-67"><a href="#Information_dissemination"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Information dissemination</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-68"><a href="#Misinformation"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Misinformation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-69"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-70"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-71"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-72"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-73"><a href="#Health_agencies"><span class="tocnumber">15.1</span> <span class="toctext">Health agencies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-74"><a href="#Directories"><span class="tocnumber">15.2</span> <span class="toctext">Directories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75"><a href="#Data_and_graphs"><span class="tocnumber">15.3</span> <span class="toctext">Data and graphs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#Medical_journals"><span class="tocnumber">15.4</span> <span class="toctext">Medical journals</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For country-level case and death data, see <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a>.</div>
<table class="vertical-navbox plainlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:280px;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em"><div style="padding-bottom:5px;">For country-level <a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data">data</a>, see:</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country" title="732-bar-chart"><img alt="732-bar-chart" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/80px-732-bar-chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/120px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/732-bar-chart.svg/160px-732-bar-chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046994">.mw-parser-output div.columns-2 div.column{float:left;width:50%;min-width:300px}.mw-parser-output div.columns-3 div.column{float:left;width:33.3%;min-width:200px}.mw-parser-output div.columns-4 div.column{float:left;width:25%;min-width:150px}.mw-parser-output div.columns-5 div.column{float:left;width:20%;min-width:120px}</style><table class="multicol" style=";border-spacing:0;background:transparent;text-align:center;width:80%;margin:0 auto;" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;">
<td style="width:50%;;;">
<b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">Cases</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:1.2em;">20,936,041</span></td>
<td style="width:5px;"></td>
<td style="width:50%;;;">
<b><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">Deaths</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:1.2em;">759,844</span></td>
</tr></tbody></table></td>
</tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
As of 14 August 2020<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup></td>
</tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold">
<div style="margin:5px 10px 5px;border-top:1px solid #CCC;padding-top: 10px;"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a> · <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a> · <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a> · <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a> · <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h3>
<p>On 31 December 2019, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) received reports of a <a href="/wiki/Disease_cluster" title="Disease cluster">cluster</a> of viral pneumonia cases of unknown cause in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, Hubei,<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-40">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a></sup> and an investigation was launched at the start of January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-42">[39]</a></sup> On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC)—7,818 cases confirmed globally, affecting 19 countries in five WHO regions.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-8">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several early infected people had visited <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a></sup> the virus is therefore thought to be of <a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">zoonotic</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-characteristicsZH_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-characteristicsZH-45">[42]</a></sup> The virus that caused the outbreak is known as SARS‑CoV‑2, a newly discovered virus closely related to bat coronaviruses,<sup id="cite_ref-LancetNowcasting_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LancetNowcasting-46">[43]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pangolin" title="Pangolin">pangolin</a> coronaviruses,<sup id="cite_ref-ia56U_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ia56U-47">[44]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang6April2020_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang6April2020-48">[45]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS-CoV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ECDC_risk_assessment_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC_risk_assessment-49">[46]</a></sup> The scientific consensus is that COVID-19 has a natural origin.<sup id="cite_ref-EA-20200317_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA-20200317-50">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NM-20200317_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NM-20200317-51">[48]</a></sup> The probable bat-to-human infection may have been among people processing bat carcasses and <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> in the production of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>The earliest known person with symptoms was later discovered to have fallen ill on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 2019, and that person did not have visible connections with the later <a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">wet market</a> cluster.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-67_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-67-53">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wang24Jan2020_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang24Jan2020-54">[51]</a></sup> Of the early cluster of cases reported that month, two-thirds were found to have a link with the market.<sup id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-55">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Joseph24Jan2020_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joseph24Jan2020-56">[53]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-han24Jan2020_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-han24Jan2020-57">[54]</a></sup> On 13 March 2020, an unverified report from the <i><a href="/wiki/South_China_Morning_Post" title="South China Morning Post">South China Morning Post</a></i> suggested a case traced back to 17 November 2019 (a 55-year-old from Hubei) may have been the first person infected.<sup id="cite_ref-original_report_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-original_report-58">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U09eH_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U09eH-59">[56]</a></sup>
</p><p>The WHO recognised the spread of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemic</a> on 11 March 2020<sup id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-9">[8]</a></sup> as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan reported surging numbers of cases. The number of cases outside China quickly surpassed the number of cases inside China.<sup id="cite_ref-YjIcu_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YjIcu-60">[57]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" class="image"><img alt="An aerial view of the market, looking like a construction site." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/220px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/330px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png/440px-Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png 2x" data-file-width="1829" data-file-height="1080" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a> in March 2020, after it was closed down.</div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Cases">Cases</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">COVID-19 pandemic cases</a></div>
<p>Official case counts refer to the number of people who have been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested for COVID-19</a> and whose test has been confirmed positive according to official protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a></sup> Many countries, early on, had official policies to not test those with only mild symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-elpais640000_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elpais640000-63">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200313reuters_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200313reuters-64">[61]</a></sup> An analysis of the early phase of the outbreak up to 23 January estimated 86 percent of COVID-19 infections had not been detected, and that these undocumented infections were the source for 79 percent of documented cases.<sup id="cite_ref-Li_eabb3221_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li_eabb3221-65">[62]</a></sup> Several other studies, using a variety of methods, have estimated that numbers of infections in many countries are likely to be considerably greater than the reported cases.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 9 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Case-Cluster-Study" title="COVID-19 Case-Cluster-Study">preliminary results</a> found that 15 percent of people tested in <a href="/wiki/Gangelt" title="Gangelt">Gangelt</a>, the centre of a major infection cluster in Germany, tested positive for antibodies.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a></sup> Screening for COVID-19 in pregnant women in New York City, and <a href="/wiki/Blood_donor" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood donor">blood donors</a> in the Netherlands, has also found rates of positive antibody tests that may indicate more infections than reported.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200416reuters_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200416reuters-70">[67]</a></sup> Seroprevalence based estimates are conservative as some studies shown that persons with mild symptoms do not have detectable antibodies.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a></sup> Some results (such as the Gangelt study) have received substantial press coverage without first passing through peer review.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a></sup>
</p><p>Analysis by age in China indicates that a relatively low proportion of cases occur in individuals under 20.<sup id="cite_ref-statista1095024_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statista1095024-73">[70]</a></sup> It is not clear whether this is because young people are less likely to be infected, or less likely to develop serious symptoms and seek medical attention and be tested.<sup id="cite_ref-vox21190033_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox21190033-74">[71]</a></sup> A retrospective <a href="/wiki/Cohort_study" title="Cohort study">cohort study</a> in China found that <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">children</a> were as likely to be infected as adults.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a></sup> Countries that test more, relative to the number of deaths, have a younger age distribution of cases, relative to the wider population.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>Initial estimates of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">basic reproduction number</a> (R<sub>0</sub>) for COVID-19 in January were between 1.4 and 2.5,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a></sup> but a subsequent analysis concluded that it may be about 5.7 (with a 95 percent <a href="/wiki/Confidence_interval" title="Confidence interval">confidence interval</a> of 3.8 to 8.9).<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a></sup> R<sub>0</sub> can vary across populations and is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Effective_reproduction_number" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective reproduction number">effective reproduction number</a> (commonly just called R), which takes into account effects such as social distancing and <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a>. By mid-May 2020, the effective R was close to or below 1.0 in many countries, meaning the spread of the disease in these areas at that time was stable or decreasing.<sup id="cite_ref-20200508telegraph_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200508telegraph-79">[76]</a></sup>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 337.33333333333px"><div style="width: 337.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 335.33333333333px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg/503px-2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg.png" decoding="async" width="336" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg/755px-2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg/1007px-2020_coronavirus_cases_by_date_of_report.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="988" data-file-height="648" /></a></div></div>
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<p><a href="/wiki/Epidemic_curve" title="Epidemic curve">Epidemic curve</a> of COVID-19 by date of report
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286px"><div style="width: 286px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 284px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/426px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" decoding="async" width="284" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/639px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/853px-Covid-19_new_cases_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="693" /></a></div></div>
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<p>Semi-log plot of daily new cases of COVID-19 (seven-day average) in the world and top five current countries (mean with deaths)
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 312px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg/468px-7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg.png" decoding="async" width="312" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg/701px-7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg/935px-7-day-rolling-average-confirmed-cases-by-country-per-million-with-testing-data.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div>
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<p>Daily confirmed cases by country per million people, plotted on a <a href="/wiki/Logarithmic_scale" title="Logarithmic scale">logarithmic scale</a>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/462px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png" decoding="async" width="308" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png/693px-Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Covid-19_total_cases_per_100_000_population_from_selected_countries.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="565" /></a></div></div>
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<p>COVID-19 total cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup id="cite_ref-opendata_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opendata-80">[77]</a></sup>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png" decoding="async" width="308" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/COVID-19_Active_Cases_per_100_000_population.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="565" /></a></div></div>
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<p>COVID-19 active cases per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup id="cite_ref-opendata_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opendata-80">[77]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Deaths">Deaths</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">COVID-19 pandemic deaths</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/220px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/330px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg/440px-COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2250" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID19_deceased_in_Hackensack_NJ_April_27.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Deceased in a 16 m (53 ft) "mobile morgue" outside a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Hackensack,_New_Jersey" title="Hackensack, New Jersey">Hackensack, New Jersey</a></div></div></div>
<p>Most people who contract COVID-19 recover. For those who do not, the time between the onset of symptoms and death usually ranges from<span class="nowrap"> </span>6 to 41 days, typically about 14 days.<sup id="cite_ref-pathogenesis_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pathogenesis-81">[78]</a></sup> As of 14 August 2020, approximately 759,000<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup> deaths had been attributed to COVID-19. In China, as of 14 June<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, about 80 percent of deaths were recorded in those aged over 60, and 75 percent had pre-existing health conditions including <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-22_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-22-82">[79]</a></sup> Individuals of any age with <a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Type_2_diabetes" title="Type 2 diabetes">type 2 diabetes mellitus</a> and other underlying health conditions are at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a></sup>
</p><p>The first confirmed death was in Wuhan on 9 January 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-25_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-25-85">[82]</a></sup> The first death outside of China occurred on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>February in the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT2020PhilDeath_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT2020PhilDeath-86">[83]</a></sup> and the first death outside Asia was in France on 14 February.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-27_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-27-87">[84]</a></sup>
</p><p>Official deaths from COVID-19 generally refer to people who died after testing positive according to protocols. This may ignore deaths of people who die without having been tested.<sup id="cite_ref-20200331reuters_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200331reuters-88">[85]</a></sup> Conversely, deaths of people who had underlying conditions may lead to over-counting.<sup id="cite_ref-stuff120443722_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stuff120443722-89">[86]</a></sup> Comparison of statistics for deaths for all causes versus the seasonal average indicates excess mortality in many countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a></sup> In the worst affected areas, mortality has been several times higher than average. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">In New York City</a>, deaths have been four times higher than average, in Paris twice as high, and in many European countries, deaths have been on average 20 to 30 percent higher than normal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-90">[87]</a></sup> This excess mortality may include deaths due to strained healthcare systems and bans on <a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">elective surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200429reason_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200429reason-92">[89]</a></sup>
</p><p>Multiple measures are used to quantify mortality.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a></sup> These numbers vary by region and over time, influenced by testing volume, healthcare system quality, treatment options, government response,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a></sup> time since the initial outbreak, and population characteristics, such as age, sex, and overall health.<sup id="cite_ref-worldindata_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldindata-97">[94]</a></sup> Some countries (like Belgium) include deaths from suspected cases of COVID-19, regardless of whether the person was tested, resulting in higher numbers compared to countries that include only test-confirmed cases.<sup id="cite_ref-npr841005901_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr841005901-98">[95]</a></sup>
</p><p>The death-to-case ratio reflects the number of deaths attributed to COVID-19 divided by the number of diagnosed cases within a given time interval. Based on Johns Hopkins University statistics, the global death-to-case ratio is <span data-sort-value="7000362935857834821♠" style="display:none"></span>3.6 percent (759,844 deaths for 20,936,041 cases) as of 14 August 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup> The number varies by region.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other measures include the <a href="/wiki/Case_fatality_rate" title="Case fatality rate">case fatality rate</a> (CFR), which reflects the percentage of diagnosed people who die from a disease, and the infection fatality rate (IFR), which reflects the percentage of infected (diagnosed and undiagnosed) who die from a disease. These statistics are not timebound and follow a specific population from infection through case resolution. <a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a> states that as of 25 March 2020 the IFR cannot be accurately calculated as neither the total number of cases nor the total deaths, is known.<sup id="cite_ref-worldindata_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worldindata-97">[94]</a></sup> In February the Institute for Disease Modeling estimated the IFR as 0.94 percent (95-percent confidence interval 0.37–2.9), based on data from China.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Evidence-Based_Medicine" title="Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine">Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine</a> (CEBM) estimated a global CFR of 0.8 to 9.6 percent (last revised 30 April) and IFR of 0.10 percent to 0.41 percent (last revised 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>May), acknowledging that this will vary between populations due to differences in demographics.<sup id="cite_ref-cebm-global-cf_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cebm-global-cf-102">[99]</a></sup> The CDC estimates for planning purposes that the fatality rate among those who are symptomatic is 1.1 percent and that 40 percent of infected individuals are asymptomatic, for an overall infection fatality rate of 0.65 percent (0.5 to 0.8 percent).<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a></sup>
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<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 341.33333333333px"><div style="width: 341.33333333333px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 339.33333333333px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/509px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png/764px-Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Covid-19_daily_deaths_in_top_5_countries_and_the_world.png 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="561" /></a></div></div>
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<p>Semi-log plot of daily deaths due to COVID-19 (seven-day average) in the world and top five current countries (mean with cases)
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 314px"><div style="width: 314px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 312px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg/468px-Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg.png" decoding="async" width="312" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg/701px-Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg/935px-Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></div>
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<p>Case fatality rate of COVID-19 by country and confirmed cases
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 310px"><div style="width: 310px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 308px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_deaths_per_100,000_population.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/462px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png" decoding="async" width="308" height="220" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png/693px-COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/COVID-19_deaths_per_100%2C000_population.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="565" /></a></div></div>
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<p>COVID-19 deaths per 100 000 population from selected countries<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Duration">Duration</span></h3>
<p>On 11 March 2020, the WHO said the pandemic could be controlled.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-9">[8]</a></sup> The peak and ultimate duration of the outbreak are uncertain and may differ by location. Maciej Boni of <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Penn State University">Penn State University</a> said, "Left unchecked, infectious outbreaks typically plateau and then start to decline when the disease runs out of available hosts. But it's almost impossible to make any sensible projection right now about when that will be."<sup id="cite_ref-the-scientist.com_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the-scientist.com-106">[103]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial College">Imperial College</a> study led by <a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a> stated that physical distancing and other measures will be required "until a vaccine becomes available (potentially 18 months or more)".<sup id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-107">[104]</a></sup> William Schaffner of <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> said because the coronavirus is "so readily transmissible", it "might turn into a seasonal disease, making a comeback every year". The <a href="/wiki/Virulence" title="Virulence">virulence</a> of the comeback would depend on <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a> and the extent of mutation.<sup id="cite_ref-e7bko_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e7bko-108">[105]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Signs_and_symptoms">Signs and symptoms</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019#Signs_and_symptoms" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019 § Signs and symptoms</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/350px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="178" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/525px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg/700px-Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1972" data-file-height="1001" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_coronavirus_disease_2019_4.0.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Symptoms of COVID-19<sup id="cite_ref-Symptoms-diagram_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symptoms-diagram-109">[106]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The usual <a href="/wiki/Incubation_period" title="Incubation period">incubation period</a> (the time between infection and symptom onset) ranges from one to 14 days, and is most commonly five days.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-34_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-34-110">[107]</a></sup> Some infected people have no symptoms, known as <a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic_carrier" title="Asymptomatic carrier">asymptomatic or presymptomatic carriers</a>; transmission from such a carrier is considered possible.<sup id="cite_ref-arons_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arons-111">[108]</a></sup> As at 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, estimates of the asymptomatic ratio range widely from 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>to 80 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-20200406cebm_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200406cebm-112">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>Symptoms of COVID-19 can be relatively <a href="/wiki/Non-specific_symptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-specific symptom">non-specific</a>; the two most common symptoms are fever (88 percent) and <a href="/wiki/Cough#Classification" title="Cough">dry cough</a> (68 percent). Less common symptoms include fatigue, respiratory sputum production (<a href="/wiki/Phlegm" title="Phlegm">phlegm</a>), loss of the sense of smell, loss of taste, shortness of breath, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, headache, chills, vomiting, <a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">coughing out blood</a>, diarrhea, and rash.<sup id="cite_ref-who-faq_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-faq-113">[110]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Interim_Guidance_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Interim_Guidance-20">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2020Sym_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020Sym-19">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>Among those who develop symptoms, approximately one in five may become more seriously ill and have difficulty breathing.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup> Emergency symptoms include difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, sudden confusion, difficulty waking, and bluish face or lips; immediate medical attention is advised if these symptoms are present.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2020Sym_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020Sym-19">[16]</a></sup> Further development of the disease can lead to complications including <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acute_respiratory_distress_syndrome" title="Acute respiratory distress syndrome">acute respiratory distress syndrome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Septic_shock" title="Septic shock">septic shock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure,_acute" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidney failure, acute">kidney failure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Interim_Guidance_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Interim_Guidance-20">[17]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cause">Cause</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Transmission">Transmission</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission of COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sneeze.JPG" class="image"><img alt="Cough/sneeze droplets visualised in dark background using Tyndall scattering" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sneeze.JPG/220px-Sneeze.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sneeze.JPG/330px-Sneeze.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Sneeze.JPG/440px-Sneeze.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4240" data-file-height="2836" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sneeze.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Respiratory droplets produced when a man <a href="/wiki/Sneeze" title="Sneeze">sneezes</a>, visualised using <a href="/wiki/Tyndall_scattering" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyndall scattering">Tyndall scattering</a></div></div></div>
<p>COVID‑19 is a new disease, and many of the details of its <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)" title="Transmission (medicine)">spread</a> are still under investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup> It spreads easily between people—more easily than <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> but not as easily as <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup> People are most infectious when they show symptoms (even mild or non-specific symptoms), but may be infectious for up to two days before symptoms appear (pre-symptomatic transmission).<sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup> They remain infectious for an estimated seven to twelve days in moderate cases and an average of two weeks in severe cases.<sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup> People can also transmit the virus without showing any symptom (<a href="/wiki/Asymptomatic" title="Asymptomatic">asymptomatic</a> transmission), but it is unclear how often this happens.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup> A June 2020 review found that 40–45% of infected people are asymptomatic.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a></sup>
</p><p>COVID‑19 spreads primarily when people are in close contact and one person inhales <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_droplet" title="Respiratory droplet">small droplets</a> produced by an infected person (symptomatic or not) coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing.<sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a></sup> The WHO recommends 1 metre (3 ft) of social distance;<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup> the US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) recommends 2 metres (6 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Transmission may also occur through <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a>, smaller droplets that are able to stay suspended in the air for longer periods of time.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17">[14]</a></sup> Experimental results show the virus can survive in aerosol for up to three hours.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a></sup> Some outbreaks have also been reported in crowded and inadequately ventilated indoor locations where infected persons spend long periods of time (such as restaurants and nightclubs).<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">[114]</a></sup> Aerosol transmission in such locations has not been ruled out.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17">[14]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aerosol-generating_procedure" title="Aerosol-generating procedure">Some medical procedures</a> performed on COVID‑19 patients in health facilities can generate those smaller droplets,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22563403_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22563403-118">[115]</a></sup> and result in the virus being transmitted more easily than normal.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup>
</p><p>Less commonly, when the contaminated droplets fall to floors or surfaces they can remain infectious if people touch contaminated surfaces and then their eyes, nose or mouth with unwashed hands.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup> On surfaces the amount of viable active virus decreases over time until it can no longer cause infection,<sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup> and surfaces are thought not to be the main way the virus spreads.<sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup> The level of contamination required to transmit infection via surfaces is unknown, but the virus can be detected for up to four hours on copper, up to one day on cardboard, and up to three days on plastic (<a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a> (<a href="/wiki/SAE_304_stainless_steel" title="SAE 304 stainless steel">AISI 304</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StableNIH_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StableNIH-119">[116]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doremalen_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doremalen-120">[117]</a></sup> Surfaces are easily decontaminated with household disinfectants which destroy the virus outside the human body or on the hands.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup> Disinfectants or bleach are not a treatment for COVID‑19, and cause health problems when not used properly, such as when used inside the human body.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">Sputum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">saliva</a> carry large amounts of virus.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCQA_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCQA-15">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saliva2020_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saliva2020-122">[119]</a></sup> Although COVID‑19 is not a <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infection</a>, direct contact such as kissing, intimate contact, and <a href="/wiki/Fecal%E2%80%93oral_route" title="Fecal–oral route">fecal–oral routes</a> are suspected to transmit the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a></sup> The virus may occur in breast milk, but whether it is transmittable to the baby is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a></sup>
</p>
Estimates of the number of people infected by one person with COVID‑19, the <a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">R0</a>, have varied. The WHO's initial estimates of R0 were 1.4–2.5 (average 1.95); however, a review in early April 2020 found the <i>basic</i> R0 (without control measures) to be higher at 3.28 and the median R0 to be 2.79.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a></sup></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Virology">Virology</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/220px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/330px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg/440px-Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="393" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_virion_structure.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Illustration of SARSr‑CoV virion</div></div></div>
<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a <a href="/wiki/Novel_virus" title="Novel virus">novel virus</a>, first isolated from three people with pneumonia connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases in Wuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-ECDC_risk_assessment_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDC_risk_assessment-49">[46]</a></sup> All features of the novel SARS‑CoV‑2 virus occur in related coronaviruses in nature.<sup id="cite_ref-hcAdO_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hcAdO-128">[125]</a></sup>
</p><p>SARS‑CoV‑2 is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">SARS‑CoV</a>, and is thought to have a <a href="/wiki/Zoonosis" title="Zoonosis">zoonotic</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-LancetNowcasting_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LancetNowcasting-46">[43]</a></sup> SARS‑CoV‑2 genetically clusters with the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></i>, and is 96 percent identical at the whole <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> level to other bat coronavirus samples<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_report_28_February_2020_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report_28_February_2020-129">[126]</a></sup> and 92 percent identical to pangolin coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-cell_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cell-130">[127]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Diagnosis">Diagnosis</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">COVID-19 testing</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum%2C_K%C3%B6ln-6313_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="3044" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Infektionsschutzzentrum_im_Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum,_K%C3%B6ln-6313_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Demonstration of a swab for COVID-19 testing</div></div></div>
<p>COVID-19 can provisionally be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and confirmed using <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction">reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction</a> (RT-PCR) <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">testing</a> of infected secretions or <a href="/wiki/CT_scan" title="CT scan">CT imaging</a> of the chest.<sup id="cite_ref-7XzeF_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7XzeF-131">[128]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jTxKm_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jTxKm-132">[129]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Viral_testing">Viral testing</span></h3>
<p>The standard test for current infection with SARS-CoV-2 uses <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> testing of respiratory secretions collected using a <a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_swab" title="Nasopharyngeal swab">nasopharyngeal swab</a>, though it is possible to test other samples. This test uses real-time <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction">rRT-PCR</a> which detects the presence of viral RNA fragments.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_InterimGuidance_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_InterimGuidance-133">[130]</a></sup>
</p><p>A number of laboratories and companies have developed <a href="/wiki/Serology" title="Serology">serological tests</a>, which detect <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">antibodies</a> produced by the body in response to infection.<sup id="cite_ref-20200319sciencemag_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200319sciencemag-134">[131]</a></sup> Several have been evaluated by <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_England" title="Public Health England">Public Health England</a> and approved for use in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-independent9515466_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent9515466-135">[132]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 22 June 2020, UK health secretary <a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> announced the country would conduct a new "spit test" for COVID-19 on 14,000 key workers and their families in <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, having them spit in a pot, which was collected by <a href="/wiki/Southampton_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton University">Southampton University</a>, with results expected within 48 hours. Hancock said the test was easier than using swabs, and could enable people to conduct it at home.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Imaging">Imaging</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg/220px-COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg/330px-COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg/440px-COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="723" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID19CTPneumonia.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">CT</a> scan of a person with COVID‑19 shows lesions (bright regions) in the lungs.</div></div></div>
<p>Characteristic imaging features on chest <a href="/wiki/Radiographs" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiographs">radiographs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="Computed tomography">computed tomography</a> (CT) of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral <a href="/wiki/Ground-glass_opacity" title="Ground-glass opacity">ground-glass opacities</a> without <a href="/wiki/Pleural_effusion" title="Pleural effusion">pleural effusions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AJR_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJR-137">[134]</a></sup> Many groups have created <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">COVID-19 datasets</a> that include imagery such as the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Society_of_Medical_and_Interventional_Radiology" title="Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology">Italian Radiological Society</a> which has compiled an international online database of imaging findings for confirmed cases.<sup id="cite_ref-Cx70C_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cx70C-138">[135]</a></sup> Due to overlap with other infections such as <a href="/wiki/Adenovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenovirus">adenovirus</a>, imaging without confirmation by <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction" title="Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction">rRT-PCR</a> is of limited <a href="/wiki/Specificity_(statistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specificity (statistics)">specificity</a> in identifying COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-AJR_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJR-137">[134]</a></sup> A large study in China compared chest CT results to PCR and demonstrated that though imaging is less specific for the infection, it is faster and more <a href="/wiki/Sensitivity_(statistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensitivity (statistics)">sensitive</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jTxKm_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jTxKm-132">[129]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Prevention">Prevention</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_prevention" title="Pandemic prevention">Pandemic prevention</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">preparations prior to COVID-19</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">COVID-19 surveillance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">COVID-19 apps</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:372px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_(English).pdf" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_%28English%29.pdf/page1-370px-Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_%28English%29.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="479" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_%28English%29.pdf/page1-555px-Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_%28English%29.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_%28English%29.pdf/page1-740px-Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_%28English%29.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_the_Spread_of_Germs_updated_(English).pdf" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Infographic by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC), describing how to stop the spread of germs</div></div></div>
<p>Strategies for preventing transmission of the disease include maintaining overall good personal hygiene, washing hands, avoiding touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands, and coughing or sneezing into a tissue, and putting the tissue directly into a waste container. Those who may already have the infection have been advised to wear a <a href="/wiki/Surgical_mask" title="Surgical mask">surgical mask</a> in public.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Prevention_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Prevention-139">[136]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO-advice_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-advice-140">[137]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Physical_distancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical distancing">Physical distancing</a> measures are also recommended to prevent transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-NprYv_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NprYv-141">[138]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tx4L9_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tx4L9-142">[139]</a></sup> Health care providers taking care of someone who may be infected are recommended to use <a href="/wiki/Standard_precautions" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard precautions">standard precautions</a>, contact precautions, and eye protection.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-51_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-51-143">[140]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a></sup>
</p><p>Many governments have restricted or advised against all non-essential travel to and from areas affected by the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-50_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-50-145">[142]</a></sup> The virus has already spread within communities in large parts of the world, with many not knowing where or how they were infected.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC-CD-transmission_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC-CD-transmission-146">[143]</a></sup>
</p><p>Misconceptions are circulating about how to prevent infection; for example, rinsing the nose and gargling with mouthwash are not effective.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020Myth_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020Myth-147">[144]</a></sup> There is no <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a>, though many organisations are working to develop one.<sup id="cite_ref-spinney20200329_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spinney20200329-148">[145]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hand_washing">Hand washing</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hand_washing" title="Hand washing">Hand washing</a></div>
<p>Hand washing is recommended to prevent the spread of the disease. The CDC recommends that people wash hands often with soap and water for at least twenty seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty; before eating; and after blowing one's nose, coughing, or sneezing. This is because outside the human body, the virus is killed by household soap, which bursts its protective bubble.<sup id="cite_ref-covid19govtnz_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-covid19govtnz-25">[22]</a></sup> In addition, soap and water disrupts the sticky bond between pathogens and human skin which causes the coronavirus pathogen to slide off the hands/body.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a></sup> CDC has recommended using an alcohol-based <a href="/wiki/Hand_sanitiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand sanitiser">hand sanitiser</a> with at least 60 percent alcohol by volume when soap and water are not readily available.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Prevention_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Prevention-139">[136]</a></sup> The WHO advises people to avoid touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO-advice_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-advice-140">[137]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-52_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-52-150">[147]</a></sup> It is not clear whether washing hands with ash, if soap is not available, is effective at reducing the spread of viral infections.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_distancing">Social distancing <span id="Physical_distancing"></span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg/220px-Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg/330px-Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg/440px-Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Physical_distancing_in_Toronto_at_Shoppers_Drug_Mart_-_20200412.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Physical distancing in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, with a limited number of customers allowed inside a store</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a> (also known as physical distancing) includes <a href="/wiki/Infection_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Infection control">infection control</a> actions intended to slow the spread of disease by minimising close contact between individuals. Methods include quarantines; travel restrictions; and the closing of schools, workplaces, stadiums, theatres, or shopping centres. Individuals may apply social distancing methods by staying at home, limiting travel, avoiding crowded areas, using no-contact greetings, and physically distancing themselves from others.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO-advice_140-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO-advice-140">[137]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jr48s_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jr48s-152">[149]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-153">[150]</a></sup> Many governments are now mandating or recommending social distancing in regions affected by the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-vczEM_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vczEM-154">[151]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eI8fE_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eI8fE-155">[152]</a></sup> Non-cooperation with distancing measures in some areas has contributed to the further spread of the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-vox21240381_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox21240381-156">[153]</a></sup>
</p><p>The maximum gathering size recommended by U.S. government bodies and health organisations was swiftly reduced from 250 people (if there were no known COVID-19 spread in a region) to 50 people, and later to 10.<sup id="cite_ref-fihKg_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fihKg-157">[154]</a></sup> On 22 March 2020, Germany banned public gatherings of more than two people.<sup id="cite_ref-Xj0e8_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xj0e8-158">[155]</a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_(organisation)#World_Health_Organization" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane</a> review found that early quarantine with other public health measures are effective in limiting the pandemic, but the best manner of adopting and relaxing policies are uncertain, as local conditions vary.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_153-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-153">[150]</a></sup>
</p><p>Older adults and those with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, respiratory disease, <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertension</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Immunodeficiency" title="Immunodeficiency">compromised immune systems</a> face increased risk of serious illness and complications and have been advised by the CDC to stay home as much as possible in areas of community outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-ruiZf_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ruiZf-159">[156]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sKc4Q_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sKc4Q-160">[157]</a></sup>
</p><p>In late March 2020, the WHO and other health bodies began to replace the use of the term "social distancing" with "physical distancing", to clarify that the aim is to reduce physical contact while maintaining social connections, either <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" title="Telecommunication">virtually</a> or at a distance. The use of the term "social distancing" had led to implications that people should engage in complete <a href="/wiki/Social_isolation" title="Social isolation">social isolation</a>, rather than encouraging them to stay in contact through alternative means.<sup id="cite_ref-9tsr9_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9tsr9-161">[158]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KTIr0_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KTIr0-162">[159]</a></sup> Some authorities have issued sexual health guidelines for the pandemic, which include recommendations to have sex only with someone you live with, and who does not have the virus or symptoms of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Face_masks_and_respiratory_hygiene">Face masks and respiratory hygiene</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/220px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/330px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg/440px-04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:04.02_%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%9F%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%80%8D_49726568957_66543b616e_o.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The CDC and WHO advise that masks reduce the spread of coronavirus by asymptomatic and pre-symtomatic individuals (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> President <a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai Ing-wen</a> pictured wearing a surgical mask)</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a> and WHO recommend individuals <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">wear non-medical face coverings</a> in public settings where there is an increased risk of transmission and where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC-Cloth_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC-Cloth-166">[163]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHO_masks_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_masks-167">[164]</a></sup> This recommendation is meant to reduce the spread of the disease by asymptomatic and pre-symtomatic individuals and is complementary to established preventive measures such as social distancing.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC-Cloth_166-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC-Cloth-166">[163]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-168">[165]</a></sup> Face coverings limit the volume and travel distance of expiratory droplets dispersed when talking, breathing, and coughing.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC-Cloth_166-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC-Cloth-166">[163]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-168">[165]</a></sup> Many countries and local jurisdictions encourage or mandate the use of face masks or cloth face coverings by members of the public to limit the spread of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-NewshubMasks_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewshubMasks-169">[166]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[167]</a></sup>
</p><p>Masks are also strongly recommended for those who may have been infected and those taking care of someone who may have the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a></sup> When not wearing a mask, the CDC recommends covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and recommends using the inside of the elbow if no tissue is available.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Prevention_139-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Prevention-139">[136]</a></sup> Proper hand hygiene after any cough or sneeze is encouraged.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Prevention_139-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Prevention-139">[136]</a></sup> Healthcare professionals interacting directly with COVID-19 patients are advised to use <a href="/wiki/Respirator" title="Respirator">respirators</a> at least as protective as <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">NIOSH</a>-certified <a href="/wiki/NIOSH_air_filtration_rating" title="NIOSH air filtration rating">N95</a> or equivalent, in addition to other <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Self-isolation">Self-isolation</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/330px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/495px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif/660px-20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20200609_Effect_of_pandemic_containment_measures.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Without pandemic containment measures—such as social distancing, vaccination, and use of face masks—pathogens can spread exponentially.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_20200515_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_20200515-173">[170]</a></sup> This graphic shows how early adoption of containment measures tends to protect wider swaths of the population.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Self-isolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-isolation">Self-isolation</a> at home has been recommended for those diagnosed with COVID-19 and those who suspect they have been infected. Health agencies have issued detailed instructions for proper self-isolation.<sup id="cite_ref-PWea7_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PWea7-174">[171]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-0DNOZ_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0DNOZ-175">[172]</a></sup>
</p><p>Many governments have mandated or recommended self-quarantine for entire populations.<sup id="cite_ref-W4DaA_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W4DaA-176">[173]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Q8Eyd_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Q8Eyd-177">[174]</a></sup> The strongest self-quarantine instructions have been issued to those in high risk groups.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a></sup> Those who may have been exposed to someone with COVID-19 and those who have recently travelled to a country or region with the widespread transmission have been advised to self-quarantine for 14 days from the time of last possible exposure.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2020Over222_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2020Over222-21">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VQaNX_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VQaNX-179">[176]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Surface_cleaning">Surface cleaning</span></h3>
<p>Surfaces may be decontaminated with a number of solutions (within one minute of exposure to the disinfectant for a stainless steel surface), including 62–71 percent <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, 50–100 percent <a href="/wiki/Isopropanol" class="mw-redirect" title="Isopropanol">isopropanol</a>, 0.1 percent <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite" title="Sodium hypochlorite">sodium hypochlorite</a>, 0.5 percent <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">hydrogen peroxide</a>, and 0.2–7.5 percent <a href="/wiki/Povidone-iodine" title="Povidone-iodine">povidone-iodine</a>. Other solutions, such as <a href="/wiki/Benzalkonium_chloride" title="Benzalkonium chloride">benzalkonium chloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chlorhexidine_gluconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorhexidine gluconate">chlorhexidine gluconate</a>, are less effective.<sup id="cite_ref-GunterTPS_9days_persistence_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GunterTPS_9days_persistence-180">[177]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation" title="Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation">Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation</a> may also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-CDCasof07092020_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCasof07092020-24">[21]</a></sup> The CDC recommends that if a COVID-19 case is suspected or confirmed at a facility such as an office or day care, all areas such as offices, bathrooms, common areas, shared electronic equipment like tablets, touch screens, keyboards, remote controls, and ATM machines used by the ill persons should be disinfected.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Ventilation_and_air_filtration">Ventilation and air filtration</span></h3>
<p>The CDC recommends <a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">ventilation</a> in public spaces to help clear out infectious <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a>, as well several others, including those regarding <a href="/wiki/Air_filtration" class="mw-redirect" title="Air filtration">air filtration</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CDCasof07092020_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCasof07092020-24">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lancetdroplet05272020_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancetdroplet05272020-182">[179]</a></sup> however doctors have been cautious about recommending air filtration due to the potentially very small size of virus particles. Some filters are labelled to remove viruses to the 5-micron level, but there are fears that some virus particles may be even smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a></sup> Some experts have recommended <a href="/wiki/UV_light" class="mw-redirect" title="UV light">UV light</a> inside <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a> systems.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Vaccine">Vaccine</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r952607947">.mw-parser-output .excerpt .selflink{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .excerpt-indicator{border-left:3px solid #c8ccd1;margin:1em 0;padding-left:1em}</style><div class="excerpt">
A <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID‑19 vaccine</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> product intended to provide <a href="/wiki/Acquired_immunity" class="mw-redirect" title="Acquired immunity">acquired immunity</a> against <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID‑19). As of August 2020, there were 231 <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a> candidates in development,<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_london_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_london-185">[182]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_milken_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_milken-186">[183]</a></sup> although no candidate has completed <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trials</a> to prove its safety and efficacy. In August, at least 24 vaccine candidates were announced or undergoing clinical trials, with six beginning <a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">phase III</a> and 18 still in <a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_II" title="Phases of clinical research">phase I–II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_london_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_london-185">[182]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_milken_186-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_milken-186">[183]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_vaccine_who-tracker_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_vaccine_who-tracker-187">[184]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Management">Management</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Management_of_COVID-19" title="Management of COVID-19">Management of COVID-19</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019#Management" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019 § Management</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pandemic#Management" title="Pandemic">Pandemic § Management</a></div>
<h3><span id="Screening.2C_containment_and_mitigation"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Screening,_containment_and_mitigation">Screening, containment and mitigation</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flatten_the_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatten the curve">Flatten the curve</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/330px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/495px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif/660px-20200410_Flatten_the_curve%2C_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_%28English%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20200410_Flatten_the_curve,_raise_the_line_-_pandemic_(English).gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Goals of mitigation include delaying and reducing peak burden on healthcare (<i><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">flattening the curve</a></i>) and lessening overall cases and health impact.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-188">[185]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RnW59_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RnW59-189">[186]</a></sup> Moreover, progressively greater increases in healthcare capacity (<i><a href="/wiki/Raising_the_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Raising the line">raising the line</a></i>) such as by increasing bed count, personnel, and equipment, help to meet increased demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Vox_20200407_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vox_20200407-190">[187]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif/330px-20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif/495px-20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif/660px-20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:20200409_Pandemic_resurgence_-_effect_of_inadequate_mitigation.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mitigation attempts that are inadequate in strictness or duration—such as premature relaxation of distancing rules or stay-at-home orders—can allow a resurgence after the initial surge and mitigation.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-188">[185]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wiles_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiles-191">[188]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Strategies in the control of an outbreak are screening, containment (or suppression) and mitigation. Screening is done with a device such as a <a href="/wiki/Thermometer" title="Thermometer">thermometer</a> to detect the elevated body temperature associated with fevers caused by the coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a></sup> Containment is undertaken in the early stages of the outbreak and aims to trace and isolate those infected as well as introduce other measures to stop the disease from spreading. When it is no longer possible to contain the disease, efforts then move to the mitigation stage: measures are taken to slow the spread and mitigate its effects on the healthcare system and on society. A combination of both containment and mitigation measures may be undertaken at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-NY0JD_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY0JD-193">[190]</a></sup> Suppression requires more extreme measures so as to reverse the pandemic by reducing the <a href="/wiki/Basic_reproduction_number" title="Basic reproduction number">basic reproduction number</a> to less than 1.<sup id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-107">[104]</a></sup>
</p><p>Part of managing an infectious disease outbreak is trying to delay and decrease the epidemic peak, known as flattening the epidemic curve.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_188-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-188">[185]</a></sup> This decreases the risk of health services being overwhelmed and provides more time for vaccines and treatments to be developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet2020Flatten_188-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet2020Flatten-188">[185]</a></sup> Non-pharmaceutical interventions that may manage the outbreak include personal preventive measures such as hand hygiene, wearing face masks, and self-quarantine; community measures aimed at physical distancing such as closing schools and cancelling mass gathering events; community engagement to encourage acceptance and participation in such interventions; as well as environmental measures such surface cleaning.<sup id="cite_ref-community_mitigation_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-community_mitigation-194">[191]</a></sup>
</p><p>More drastic actions aimed at containing the outbreak were taken in China once the severity of the outbreak became apparent, such as quarantining entire cities and imposing strict travel bans.<sup id="cite_ref-RwmYm_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RwmYm-195">[192]</a></sup> Other countries also adopted a variety of measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus. South Korea introduced the mass screening and localised quarantines and issued alerts on the movements of infected individuals. Singapore provided financial support for those infected who quarantined themselves and imposed large fines for those who failed to do so. Taiwan increased face mask production and penalised hoarding of medical supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-shZdf_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shZdf-196">[193]</a></sup>
</p><p>Simulations for Great Britain and the United States show that mitigation (slowing but not stopping epidemic spread) and suppression (reversing epidemic growth) have major challenges. Optimal mitigation policies might reduce peak healthcare demand by two-thirds and deaths by half, but still result in hundreds of thousands of deaths and overwhelmed health systems. Suppression can be preferred but needs to be maintained for as long as the virus is circulating in the human population (or until a vaccine becomes available), as transmission otherwise quickly rebounds when measures are relaxed. Long-term intervention to suppress the pandemic has considerable social and economic costs.<sup id="cite_ref-ImpCollege16mar2020_107-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ImpCollege16mar2020-107">[104]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_tracing">Contact tracing</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Management_of_COVID-19#Information_technology" title="Management of COVID-19">Management of COVID-19 § Information technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Government_by_algorithm" title="Government by algorithm">Government by algorithm</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" style="width:220px;" videopayload="<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/854px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="53.021" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.480p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="SD WebM (480P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1078592" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="SD VP9 (480P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 480P" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" data-bandwidth="1346824" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="HD WebM (720P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2093248" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="HD VP9 (720P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 720P" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="2613360" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Original WebM file, 1,280 × 720 (4.23 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="WebM source" data-width="1280" data-height="720" data-bandwidth="4228964" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.120p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Lowest bandwidth VP9 (120P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 120P" data-transcodekey="120p.vp9.webm" data-width="214" data-height="120" data-bandwidth="197528" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="284" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="208024" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.180p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Low bandwidth VP9 (180P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 180P" data-transcodekey="180p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="180" data-bandwidth="278088" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="315376" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="Small VP9 (240P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="396456" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="565552" data-framerate="25"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="715120" data-framerate="25"/></video></div>"><img alt="File:COVID-19 Airport Contact Tracing.webm" style="width:220px;height:124px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm/220px--COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm.jpg" /><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_Airport_Contact_Tracing.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mandatory traveler information collection for use in COVID-19 <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> at New York City's <a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a> in August 2020</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">Contact tracing</a> is an important method for health authorities to determine the source of infection and to prevent further transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-web_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web-197">[194]</a></sup> The use of location data from mobile phones by governments for this purpose has prompted privacy concerns, with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and more than a hundred other organisations issuing a statement calling for limits on this kind of surveillance.<sup id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-198">[195]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Several mobile apps</a> have been implemented or proposed for voluntary use, and as of 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>April 2020 more than a dozen expert groups were working on privacy-friendly solutions such as using <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> to log a user's proximity to other cellphones.<sup id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_198-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-198">[195]</a></sup> (Users are alerted if they have been near someone who subsequently tests positive.)<sup id="cite_ref-IngramWard20200407_198-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IngramWard20200407-198">[195]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 10 April 2020, Google and <a href="/wiki/Apple,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple, Inc.">Apple</a> jointly announced an initiative for privacy-preserving contact tracing based on Bluetooth technology and <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200410apple_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200410apple-200">[197]</a></sup> The system is intended to allow governments to create official privacy-preserving coronavirus tracking apps, with the eventual goal of integration of this functionality directly into the <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> mobile platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a></sup> In Europe and in the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Palantir_Technologies" title="Palantir Technologies">Palantir Technologies</a> is also providing COVID-19 tracking services.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Flatten_the_curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Flatten the curve">Flatten the curve</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds" title="List of countries by hospital beds">list of countries by hospital beds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/220px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/330px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg/440px-%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96stra_Sjukhuset_COVID-19_F%C3%A4ltsjukhus.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An army-constructed <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> outside <a href="/wiki/%C3%96stra_sjukhuset" class="mw-redirect" title="Östra sjukhuset">Östra sjukhuset</a> (<i>Eastern hospital</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden, contains temporary <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care units</a> for COVID-19 patients.</div></div></div>
<p>Increasing capacity and adapting healthcare for the needs of COVID-19 patients is described by the WHO as a fundamental outbreak response measure.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-203">[200]</a></sup> The ECDC and the European regional office of the WHO have issued guidelines for hospitals and <a href="/wiki/Primary_health_care" title="Primary health care">primary healthcare services</a> for shifting of resources at multiple levels, including focusing laboratory services towards COVID-19 testing, cancelling <a href="/wiki/Elective_surgery" title="Elective surgery">elective procedures</a> whenever possible, separating and isolating COVID-19 positive patients, and increasing <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care</a> capabilities by training personnel and increasing the number of available <a href="/wiki/Ventilator" title="Ventilator">ventilators</a> and beds.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOEuropeResponse_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOEuropeResponse-203">[200]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ECDCresponse_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECDCresponse-204">[201]</a></sup> In addition, in an attempt to maintain physical distancing, and to protect both patients and clinicians, in some areas non-emergency healthcare services are being provided virtually.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a></sup>
</p><p>Due to capacity limitations in the standard <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chains</a>, some manufacturers are <a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a> healthcare material such as nasal swabs and ventilator parts.<sup id="cite_ref-technologyreview615420_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technologyreview615420-208">[205]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a></sup> In one example, when an Italian hospital urgently required a ventilator valve, and the supplier was unable to deliver in the timescale required, a local startup received legal threats due to alleged patent infringement after reverse-engineering and printing the required hundred valves overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theverge21184308_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theverge21184308-211">[208]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a></sup> On 23 April 2020, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> reported building, in 37 days, a ventilator which is currently undergoing further testing. NASA is seeking fast-track approval.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA-20200423_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-20200423-213">[210]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SPC-20200424_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPC-20200424-214">[211]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Treatment">Treatment</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">COVID-19 drug development</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">COVID-19 drug repurposing research</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/220px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/330px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg/440px-Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3976" data-file-height="2652" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid-19_San_Salvatore_09.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An exhausted <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiologist physician</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pesaro" title="Pesaro">Pesaro</a>, Italy, March 2020</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Antiviral medications</a> are under investigation for COVID-19, though none have yet been shown to be clearly effective on mortality in published randomised controlled trials.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-215">[212]</a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/Remdesivir" title="Remdesivir">remdesivir</a> may affect the time it takes to recover from the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Emergency_use_authorization" title="Emergency use authorization">Emergency use authorisation</a> for remdesivir was granted in the U.S. on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>May, for people hospitalised with severe COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-Remdesivir_EUA_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remdesivir_EUA-217">[214]</a></sup> The interim authorisation was granted considering the lack of other specific treatments, and that its potential benefits appear to outweigh the potential risks.<sup id="cite_ref-Remdesivir_EUA_217-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remdesivir_EUA-217">[214]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remdesivir_EUA_FAQ_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Remdesivir_EUA_FAQ-218">[215]</a></sup>
</p><p>Taking <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">over-the-counter</a> cold medications,<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-63_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-63-219">[216]</a></sup> drinking fluids, and resting may help alleviate symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC_Prevention_139-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC_Prevention-139">[136]</a></sup> Depending on the severity, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">oxygen therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">intravenous fluids</a>, and breathing support may be required.<sup id="cite_ref-BMJ2020Best_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BMJ2020Best-220">[217]</a></sup> The safety and effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/Convalescent_plasma" class="mw-redirect" title="Convalescent plasma">convalescent plasma</a> as a treatment option requires further research.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other trials are investigating whether existing medications can be used effectively against COVID-19 or the immune reaction to it.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_215-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-215">[212]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McCreary_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCreary-222">[219]</a></sup> On 16 June, the <a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> group released a statement that their preliminary results show low dose <a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">dexamethasone</a> reduces mortality in patients receiving respiratory support,<sup id="cite_ref-RecoveryPress200616_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RecoveryPress200616-223">[220]</a></sup> though previous reviews had suggested the use of <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticosteroids">steroids</a> may worsen outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-hxm4a_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hxm4a-224">[221]</a></sup> Demand for dexamethasone surged after publication of the preprint.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a></sup>
</p><p>A study of major hospitals in the U.S. determined that abnormal liver tests were occurring in most hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 and may be associated with poorer clinical outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a></sup> Several medications used in the treatments during the study were found to be associated with peak hospitalization liver <a href="/wiki/Transaminase" title="Transaminase">transaminase</a> elevations >5x ULN. <a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a> was significantly associated in the relationship between the drugs used to treat the disease and abnormal liver tests, which has prompted studies being conducted to determine whether the abnormal tests were due to the disease or drug-induced liver injury, according to Michael Nathanson, director of the Yale Liver Center and co-author of the study.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_prevention" title="Pandemic prevention">Pandemic prevention</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:100%"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"><div style="white-space:nowrap"><div id="confirmed-covid-map-per-capita" style="">
<div class="mw-graph mw-graph-interactable" style="min-width:500px;min-height:260px" data-graph-id="2b6446b8d7d0a32285bcf956ef67a87a694eab54"><img class="mw-graph-img" src="/api/rest_v1/page/graph/png/COVID-19_pandemic/0/2b6446b8d7d0a32285bcf956ef67a87a694eab54.png" alt="Cumulative per capita confirmed COVID-19 cases" /><div class="mw-graph-layover"><div class="mw-graph-hover-title">Cumulative per capita confirmed COVID-19 cases</div><div class="mw-graph-switch"><i class="icon-play">►</i></div></div></div>
</div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div style="float:right"><a href="/wiki/Template:Interactive_COVID-19_maps" title="Template:Interactive COVID-19 maps"><img alt="Desc-i.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/16px-Desc-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/24px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/32px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="648" /></a></div>Interactive timeline map of confirmed cases per million people<br />(drag circle to adjust; may not work on mobile devices)</div></div></div>
<p>There are several theories about when and where the very first case (the so-called <a href="/wiki/Index_case" title="Index case">patient zero</a>) originated.<sup id="cite_ref-patientZero_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patientZero-228">[225]</a></sup> According to an unpublicised report from the Chinese government, the first case can be traced back to 17 November 2019; the person was a 55-year-old citizen in the Hubei province.<sup id="cite_ref-original_report_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-original_report-58">[55]</a></sup> There were four men and five women reported to be infected in November, but none of them were "patient zero."<sup id="cite_ref-original_report_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-original_report-58">[55]</a></sup> Starting from December, the number of coronavirus cases in Hubei gradually increased, reaching 60 by 20 December<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a></sup> and at least 266 by 31 December.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to official Chinese sources, these early cases were mostly linked to the <a href="/wiki/Huanan_Seafood_Wholesale_Market" title="Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</a>, which also sold live animals.<sup id="cite_ref-characteristicsZH_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-characteristicsZH-45">[42]</a></sup> However, in May 2020, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George Gao</a>, the director of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Center_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention">Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention</a>, said animal samples collected from the seafood market had tested negative for the virus, indicating the market was not the source of the initial outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 24 December, <a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Central_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuhan Central Hospital">Wuhan Central Hospital</a> sent a <a href="/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage_fluid" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid">bronchoalveolar lavage fluid</a> (BAL) sample from an unresolved clinical case to sequencing company Vision Medicals. On 27 and 28 December, Vision Medicals informed the Wuhan Central Hospital and the Chinese CDC of the results of the test, showing a new coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-caixintrace_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-caixintrace-232">[229]</a></sup> A pneumonia cluster of unknown cause was observed on 26 December and treated by the doctor Zhang Jixian in Hubei Provincial Hospital, who informed the Wuhan Jianghan CDC on 27 December.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">[230]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 December 2019, a test report addressed to Wuhan Central Hospital, from company CapitalBio Medlab, stated that there was an erroneous positive result for <a href="/wiki/SARS" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS">SARS</a>, causing a group of doctors at Wuhan Central Hospital to alert their colleagues and relevant hospital authorities of the result. Eight of those doctors, including <a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a> (who was also punished on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>January),<sup id="cite_ref-siStf_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siStf-234">[231]</a></sup> were later admonished by the police for spreading false rumours; and another doctor, <a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a>, was reprimanded by her superiors for raising the alarm.<sup id="cite_ref-20200311theguardian_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200311theguardian-235">[232]</a></sup> That evening, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission issued a notice to various medical institutions about "the treatment of pneumonia of unknown cause".<sup id="cite_ref-promedmail6864153_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-promedmail6864153-236">[233]</a></sup> The next day, the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission made the first public announcement of a pneumonia outbreak of unknown cause, confirming 27 cases<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-40">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-68_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-68-238">[235]</a></sup>—enough to trigger an investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc50984025_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc50984025-42">[39]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:192px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/190px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/285px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg/380px-2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-3-20_%E9%BB%84%E5%86%88%E9%80%81%E5%88%AB%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%8F%B4%E9%84%82%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97%E9%98%9F_%E9%BB%84%E6%A2%85%E6%88%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Chinese medics in the city of <a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a> on 20 March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>During the early stages of the outbreak, the number of cases doubled approximately every seven and a half days.<sup id="cite_ref-Qun29Jan2020_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qun29Jan2020-239">[236]</a></sup> In early and mid-January 2020, the virus spread to other <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Chinese provinces</a>, helped by the <a href="/wiki/Chunyun" title="Chunyun">Chinese New Year migration</a> and Wuhan being a transport hub and major rail interchange.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_report_28_February_2020_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_report_28_February_2020-129">[126]</a></sup> On 20 January, China reported nearly 140 new cases in one day, including two people in Beijing and one in <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-france2420200120_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france2420200120-240">[237]</a></sup> A retrospective official study published in March found that 6,174 people had already developed symptoms by 20 January (most of them would be diagnosed later)<sup id="cite_ref-Epidemiology17Feb2020_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epidemiology17Feb2020-241">[238]</a></sup> and more may have been infected.<sup id="cite_ref-flattery_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flattery-242">[239]</a></sup> A report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> on 24 January indicated human transmission, strongly recommended <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> for health workers, and said testing for the virus was essential due to its "pandemic potential".<sup id="cite_ref-Huang24Jan2020_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huang24Jan2020-55">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Horton_18_March_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Horton_18_March-243">[240]</a></sup> On 30 January, the WHO declared the coronavirus a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_of_international_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Public health emergency of international concern">public health emergency of international concern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flattery_242-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flattery-242">[239]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 31 January 2020, Italy had its first confirmed cases, two tourists from China.<sup id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-244">[241]</a></sup> As of 13 March 2020, the WHO considered Europe the active centre of the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-nypost20200313_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nypost20200313-245">[242]</a></sup> On 19 March 2020, Italy overtook China as the country with the most reported deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-sky11960412_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sky11960412-246">[243]</a></sup> By 26 March, the United States had overtaken China and Italy with the highest number of confirmed cases in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200326_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200326-247">[244]</a></sup> Research on <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">coronavirus genomes</a> indicates the majority of COVID-19 cases in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> came from European travellers, rather than directly from China or any other Asian country.<sup id="cite_ref-20200408nytimes_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200408nytimes-248">[245]</a></sup> Retesting of prior samples found a person in France who had the virus on 27 December 2019<sup id="cite_ref-France-retest_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-249">[246]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-250">[247]</a></sup> and a person in the United States who died from the disease on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS-2wks_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-2wks-251">[248]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 11 June 2020, after 55 days without a locally transmitted case being officially reported,<sup id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-252">[249]</a></sup> the city of Beijing reported a single COVID-19 case, followed by two more cases on 12 June.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a></sup> As for 15 June, 79 cases were officially confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a></sup> Most of these patients went to <a href="/wiki/Xinfadi_Market" title="Xinfadi Market">Xinfadi Wholesale Market</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp-markets_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp-markets-252">[249]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 June 2020, WHO warned that the spread of the virus is still accelerating as countries reopen their economies, although many countries have made progress in slowing down the spread.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 15 July 2020, one COVID-19 case was officially reported in Dalian in more than three months.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-257">[254]</a></sup> The patient did not travel outside the city in the 14 days before developing symptoms, nor did he have contact with people from "areas of attention."<sup id="cite_ref-:6_257-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-257">[254]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 14 August 2020, more than 20.9<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases have been reported worldwide; more than 759,000 people have died and more than 13<span class="nowrap"> </span>million have recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_CSSE_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_CSSE-258">[255]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WOM_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOM-259">[256]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="National_responses">National responses</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>A total of 188<sup id="cite_ref-JHU_ticker_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JHU_ticker-6">[5]</a></sup> countries and territories have had at least one case of COVID-19 so far. Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">pandemic in Europe</a>, many countries in the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> have restricted free movement and set up border controls.<sup id="cite_ref-iR2Oj_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iR2Oj-260">[257]</a></sup> National reactions have included containment measures such as <a href="/wiki/Curfews_and_lockdowns_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Curfews and lockdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic">quarantines and curfews</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Stay-at-home_orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Stay-at-home orders">stay-at-home orders</a>, shelter-in-place orders, or lockdowns).<sup id="cite_ref-IVdfl_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IVdfl-261">[258]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 26 March, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian500000_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian500000-262">[259]</a></sup> which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April—more than half the <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world's population</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200403euronews_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200403euronews-263">[260]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200328businessinsider_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200328businessinsider-264">[261]</a></sup>
</p><p>By late April, around 300 million people were under lockdown in nations of Europe, including but not limited to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-end_april_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-265">[262]</a></sup> Nearly 300 million people, or about 90 percent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-20200402businessinsider_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200402businessinsider-266">[263]</a></sup> around 100 million people in the Philippines,<sup id="cite_ref-end_april_265-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_april-265">[262]</a></sup> about 59 million people in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200327nytimes_267-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200327nytimes-267">[264]</a></sup> and 1.3 billion people have been under <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India">lockdown in India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200329theguardian_268-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200329theguardian-268">[265]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2003270945_269-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2003270945-269">[266]</a></sup> On 21 May 100,000 new infections occurred worldwide, the most since the start of the pandemic, while overall 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>million cases were surpassed.<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Asia">Asia</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">COVID-19 pandemic in Asia</a></div>
<p>As of 19 May 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, cases have been reported in all Asian countries except for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a>, although these countries likely also have cases.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52186521_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52186521-271">[268]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc52146989_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52146989-272">[269]</a></sup> Despite being the first area of the world hit by the outbreak, the early wide-scale response of some Asian states, particularly <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia">Mongolia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-science20200317_274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-274">[271]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Nation_Taiwan_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nation_Taiwan-275">[272]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7news973119_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7news973119-276">[273]</a></sup> has allowed them to fare comparatively well.
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg/300px-COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="255" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg/450px-COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg/600px-COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_attack_rate_in_Mainland_China.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Confirmed cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants by province, as of 13 April, showing Hubei with around 40 times more cases than any other province <div style="padding-left: 2em; padding-right:0em; overflow: hidden;"><div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #000000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Hubei Province: 114.40 cases per 100,000</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #cc0c0a; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1.5–2.5 cases per 100,000</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #e45353; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 1–1.5 cases per 100,000</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #f89292; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> 0.5–1 cases per 100,000</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffd0d0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> >0–0.5 cases per 100,000</div></div></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png/330px-Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="186" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png/495px-Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png/660px-Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png 2x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="656" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Covid_19_new_cases_and_deaths_China_showing_Hubei_lockdown.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Semi-log graph of new cases and deaths in China during the COVID-19 epidemic showing the lockdown and lifting</div></div></div>
<p>The first confirmed case of COVID-19 has been traced back to 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 2019 in Wuhan;<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-67_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-67-53">[50]</a></sup> initial genetic testing of patient samples on 27 December 2019 indicated the presence of a SARS-like coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-StraitsTimes-28Feb2020_277-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StraitsTimes-28Feb2020-277">[274]</a></sup> A public notice was released by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission on 31 December, confirming 27 cases, and WHO investigated the outbreak on January 1 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-68_238-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-68-238">[235]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-69_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-69-40">[37]</a></sup> As these notifications occurred, doctors in Wuhan were warned by police for "spreading rumours" about the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-RwfQW_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RwfQW-278">[275]</a></sup> The Chinese <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">National Health Commission</a> initially said there was no "clear evidence" of human-to-human transmission,<sup id="cite_ref-5ZTkz_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5ZTkz-279">[276]</a></sup> but privately Chinese officials said on 14 January that human-to-human transmission was a possibility, and pandemic preparations were needed.<sup id="cite_ref-20200415businessinsider_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200415businessinsider-280">[277]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 20 January, the Chinese National Health Commission confirmed human-to-human transmission of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-KuoJanuary21_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuoJanuary21-281">[278]</a></sup> That same day, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> issued their first public comments about the virus, telling people in infected areas to practice social distancing and avoid travel.<sup id="cite_ref-realclearpolitics142952_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-realclearpolitics142952-282">[279]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vox21082354_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox21082354-283">[280]</a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> travel period, authorities instigated a City of Wuhan lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-20200122bloomberg_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200122bloomberg-284">[281]</a></sup> On 10 February the Chinese government launched a radical campaign described by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_leader" title="Paramount leader">paramount leader</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist Party general secretary</a> Xi as a "<a href="/wiki/People%27s_war" title="People's war">people's war</a>" to contain the viral spread.<sup id="cite_ref-people's_war_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-people's_war-285">[282]</a></sup> In "the largest quarantine in human history",<sup id="cite_ref-Dd2zc_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dd2zc-286">[283]</a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/2020_Hubei_lockdowns" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Hubei lockdowns"><i>cordon sanitaire</i></a> on 23 January stopped travel in and out of Wuhan,<sup id="cite_ref-channelnewsasia12306684_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channelnewsasia12306684-287">[284]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-22Jan2020_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-22Jan2020-288">[285]</a></sup> then extended to fifteen Hubei cities affecting about 57 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-bZ2hk_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bZ2hk-289">[286]</a></sup> Private vehicle use was banned in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-abc11902006_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc11902006-290">[287]</a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> (25 January) celebrations were also cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-71_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-71-291">[288]</a></sup> Authorities announced the construction of temporary hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a>, which was completed in ten days,<sup id="cite_ref-0JDLl_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0JDLl-292">[289]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200206nypost_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200206nypost-293">[290]</a></sup> while other facilities in Wuhan were also converted into temporary hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a></sup>
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"/><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_(1).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_%281%29.jpg/220px-Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_%281%29.jpg/330px-Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_%281%29.jpg/440px-Gate_of_Wuhan_Leishenshan_Hospital_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital</a>, an emergency speciality field hospital built in response to the pandemic</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/220px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/330px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg/440px-%E5%A1%94%E5%AD%90%E6%B9%96%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E8%88%B1%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A temporary hospital for treating mild cases of COVID-19 in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, one of more than ten such hospitals in the city<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a></sup></div></div></div></div></div><p> A further series of measures were instituted by the authorities in late February to contain the COVID-19 outbreak, including issuing health declarations for travellers and extending the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Week_(China)" title="Golden Week (China)">Spring Festival</a> holiday,<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-72_296-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-72-296">[293]</a></sup> travel restrictions,<sup id="cite_ref-20200124bloomberg_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200124bloomberg-297">[294]</a></sup> and closure of museums, universities and schools around the country.<sup id="cite_ref-bjnews678863_298-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjnews678863-298">[295]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-people33743688_299-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-people33743688-299">[296]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-76_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-76-300">[297]</a></sup> The regions of Hong Kong and Macau instituted several measures, particularly in regard to schools and universities.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-74_301-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-74-301">[298]</a></sup> Control of public movement was applied in many cities, and an estimated 760 million people (more than half the population) faced some form of outdoor restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-6nex7_302-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6nex7-302">[299]</a></sup> In January and February 2020, during the height of the epidemic in Wuhan, about 5 million people <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_China" title="Unemployment in China">lost their jobs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200316cnbc_303-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200316cnbc-303">[300]</a></sup> Many of China's nearly 300 million <a href="/wiki/Migration_in_China" title="Migration in China">rural migrant workers</a> have been stranded at home in inland provinces or trapped in Hubei province.<sup id="cite_ref-20200223nytimes_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200223nytimes-304">[301]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scmp3075732_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp3075732-305">[302]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the outbreak entered its global phase in March, Chinese authorities took strict measures to prevent the virus re-entering China from other countries. For example, Beijing imposed a 14-day mandatory quarantine for all international travellers entering the city.<sup id="cite_ref-eFQeZ_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eFQeZ-306">[303]</a></sup> On 24 March, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Chinese Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> reported that the spread of domestically transmitted cases has been basically blocked and the outbreak has been controlled in China.<sup id="cite_ref-6AaWr_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6AaWr-307">[304]</a></sup> The same day travel restrictions were eased in Hubei, apart from Wuhan, two months after the lockdown was imposed.<sup id="cite_ref-20200324nytimes_308-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200324nytimes-308">[305]</a></sup> The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on 26 March that entry for visa or residence permit holders would be suspended from 28 March onwards, and those wishing to enter China must apply for visas in Chinese embassies or consulates.<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a></sup> The Chinese government encouraged businesses and factories to re-open on 30 March, and provided monetary stimulus packages for firms.<sup id="cite_ref-france2420200330_311-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france2420200330-311">[308]</a></sup>
</p><p>The State Council declared a day of mourning to begin with a national three-minute moment of silence on 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, coinciding with the <a href="/wiki/Qingming_Festival" title="Qingming Festival">Qingming Festival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SCMP_Qingming_3_Apr_312-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCMP_Qingming_3_Apr-312">[309]</a></sup> On 25 April, the last patients were discharged in Wuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo150411821_313-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo150411821-313">[310]</a></sup> Local lockdowns, however, were later implemented to control sporadic outbreaks of the disease, for example in the city of Jilin in May, and parts of Beijing in June.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2005122336_314-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2005122336-314">[311]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-315">[312]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="India">India</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic in India</a></div>
<p>The first case of COVID-19 in India <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">originated from China</a> and was reported on 30 January 2020. India ordered <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India">a nationwide lockdown</a> for the entire population starting 24 March,<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316">[313]</a></sup> with a phased unlock beginning June 1st. Six cities account for around half of all reported cases in the country—<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Ahmedabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Pune</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">Kolkata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317">[314]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of May 2020, India had the largest number of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">confirmed cases in Asia</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-asia_first_318-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia_first-318">[315]</a></sup> as of June 2020, behind the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a>, India has the third highest number of confirmed cases in the world,<sup id="cite_ref-third_319-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-third-319">[316]</a></sup> with the number of total confirmed cases breaching the 100,000 mark on 19 May,<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a></sup> 200,000 on 3 June,<sup id="cite_ref-:02_321-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-321">[318]</a></sup> and 1,000,000 confirmed cases on 17 July 2020.
</p><p>On 10 June, India's recoveries exceeded active cases for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a></sup> As of 6 July, India's <a href="/wiki/Case_fatality_rate" title="Case fatality rate">case fatality rate</a> is relatively low at 2.8%, against the global 4.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-323">[320]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">COVID-19 pandemic in Iran</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/220px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/330px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg/440px-Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="635" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Disinfection_of_Tehran_subway_wagons_against_coronavirus_2020-02-26_09.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Disinfection of <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Metro" title="Tehran Metro">Tehran Metro</a> trains against coronavirus. Similar measures have also been taken in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324">[321]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS‑CoV‑2 infections on 19 February in <a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a>, where, according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Medical_Education" title="Ministry of Health and Medical Education">Ministry of Health and Medical Education</a>, two people had died that day.<sup id="cite_ref-wHBRB_325-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wHBRB-325">[322]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4yrqM_326-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4yrqM-326">[323]</a></sup> Early measures announced by the government included the cancellation of concerts and other cultural events,<sup id="cite_ref-Xm5nq_327-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xm5nq-327">[324]</a></sup> sporting events,<sup id="cite_ref-aEO6O_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aEO6O-328">[325]</a></sup> Friday prayers,<sup id="cite_ref-Urdn6_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urdn6-329">[326]</a></sup> and closures of universities, higher education institutions, and schools.<sup id="cite_ref-2YX6a_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2YX6a-330">[327]</a></sup> Iran allocated 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion <a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">rials</a> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$120,000,000</span>) to combat the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-grT4c_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grT4c-331">[328]</a></sup> President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> said on 26 February there were no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined.<sup id="cite_ref-BEhed_332-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BEhed-332">[329]</a></sup> Plans to limit travel between cities were announced in March,<sup id="cite_ref-BBqei_333-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBqei-333">[330]</a></sup> although heavy traffic between cities ahead of the Persian New Year <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> continued.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc24032020_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc24032020-334">[331]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> shrines in Qom remained open to pilgrims until 16 March.<sup id="cite_ref-HhmZ1_335-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HhmZ1-335">[332]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iran_shrines_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iran_shrines-336">[333]</a></sup>
</p><p>Iran became a centre of the spread of the virus after China during February.<sup id="cite_ref-HHOnl_337-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HHOnl-337">[334]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_338-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-338">[335]</a></sup> More than ten countries had traced their cases back to Iran by 28 February, indicating the outbreak may have been more severe than the 388 cases reported by the Iranian government by that date.<sup id="cite_ref-newyorker_338-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newyorker-338">[335]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_339-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-339">[336]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Consultative_Assembly" title="Islamic Consultative Assembly">Iranian Parliament</a> was shut down, with 23 of its 290 members reported to have had tested positive for the virus on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>March.<sup id="cite_ref-fXv2K_340-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fXv2K-340">[337]</a></sup> On 15 March, the Iranian government reported a hundred deaths in a single day, the most recorded in the country since the outbreak began.<sup id="cite_ref-omeCS_341-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omeCS-341">[338]</a></sup> At least twelve sitting or former Iranian politicians and government officials had died from the disease by 17 March.<sup id="cite_ref-oxtUC_342-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxtUC-342">[339]</a></sup> By 23 March, Iran was experiencing fifty new cases every hour and one new death every ten minutes due to coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-V0Gmj_343-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V0Gmj-343">[340]</a></sup> According to a WHO official, there may be five times more cases in Iran than what is being reported. It is also suggested that U.S. sanctions on Iran may be affecting the country's financial ability to respond to the viral outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-344" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-344">[341]</a></sup> On 20 April, Iran reopened shopping malls and other shopping areas across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo080329918_345-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo080329918-345">[342]</a></sup> After reaching a low in new cases in early May, a new peak was reported on 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, raising fear of a second wave.<sup id="cite_ref-346" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-346">[343]</a></sup> On 18 July, President Rouhani estimated that 25 million Iranians had already become infected, which is considerably higher than the official count.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_july2020_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_july2020-347">[344]</a></sup> Leaked data suggest that 42,000 people had died with COVID-19 symptoms by 20 July, nearly tripling the 14,405 officially reported by that date.<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348">[345]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="South_Korea">South Korea</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/330px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg/440px-Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1597" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Check_by_Drive-Through.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> test centre at the <a href="/wiki/Gyeongju" title="Gyeongju">Gyeongju</a> Public Health Centre</div></div></div>
<p>COVID-19 was confirmed to have spread to South Korea on 20 January 2020 from China. The nation's health agency reported a significant increase in confirmed cases on 20 February,<sup id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_349-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-349">[346]</a></sup> largely attributed to a gathering in <a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shincheonji_Church_of_Jesus_the_Temple_of_the_Tabernacle_of_the_Testimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Shincheonji Church of Jesus the Temple of the Tabernacle of the Testimony">Shincheonji Church of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie_349-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_SKorea_zombie-349">[346]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zMJnB_350-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zMJnB-350">[347]</a></sup> Shincheonji devotees visiting Daegu from Wuhan were suspected to be the origin of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-b82186_351-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-351">[348]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-koreabiomed_352-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-koreabiomed-352">[349]</a></sup> By 22 February<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, among 9,336 followers of the church, 1,261 or about 13 percent reported symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-BOQ2O_353-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOQ2O-353">[350]</a></sup> South Korea declared the highest level of alert on 23 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-GKvzB_354-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GKvzB-354">[351]</a></sup> On 29 February, more than 3,150 confirmed cases were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-SPmG7_355-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPmG7-355">[352]</a></sup> All South Korean military bases were quarantined after tests showed three soldiers had the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-b82186_351-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b82186-351">[348]</a></sup> Airline schedules were also changed.<sup id="cite_ref-l2hq3_356-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l2hq3-356">[353]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iLVLj_357-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iLVLj-357">[354]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg/220px-Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg/330px-Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg/440px-Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronavirus_Jongno_1.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A banner in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a> displays coronavirus infection prevention tips.</div></div></div>
<p>South Korea introduced what was considered the largest and best-organised programme in the world to screen the population for the virus, isolate any infected people, and trace and quarantine those who contacted them.<sup id="cite_ref-science20200317_274-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-274">[271]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mNKf7_358-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mNKf7-358">[355]</a></sup> Screening methods included mandatory self-reporting of symptoms by new international arrivals through mobile application,<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews1167376_359-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews1167376-359">[356]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> testing for the virus with the results available the next day,<sup id="cite_ref-CvyZS_360-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CvyZS-360">[357]</a></sup> and increasing testing capability to allow up to 20,000 people to be tested every day.<sup id="cite_ref-fdhQW_361-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-361">[358]</a></sup> Despite some early criticisms of President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>'s response to the crisis,<sup id="cite_ref-imx38_362-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-362">[359]</a></sup> South Korea's programme is considered a success in controlling the outbreak without quarantining entire cities.<sup id="cite_ref-science20200317_274-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-science20200317-274">[271]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wypis_363-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wypis-363">[360]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-joins23778577_364-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joins23778577-364">[361]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March, it was reported that South Korea had the lowest one-day case total in four weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-fdhQW_361-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fdhQW-361">[358]</a></sup> On 29 March it was reported that beginning 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April all new overseas arrivals will be quarantined for two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo013830705_365-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo013830705-365">[362]</a></sup> Per media reports on 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, South Korea has received requests for virus testing assistance from 121 different countries.<sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366">[363]</a></sup> Persistent local groups of infections in the greater Seoul area continued to be found, which led to Korea's CDC director saying in June that the country had entered a second wave of infections,<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367">[364]</a></sup> although a WHO official disagreed with that assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368">[365]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Europe">Europe</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">COVID-19 pandemic in Europe</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg/300px-COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="304" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg/450px-COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg/600px-COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1457" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_outbreak_Europe_per_capita_cases_map.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 residents in Europe. The numbers are not comparable, as the testing strategy differs among countries and time periods.</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>As of 13 March 2020,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> when the number of new cases became greater than those in China, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) began to consider Europe the active centre of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_Centre_369-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe_Centre-369">[366]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370">[367]</a></sup> Cases by country across Europe had doubled over periods of typically 3 to 4 days, with some countries (mostly those at earlier stages of detection) showing doubling every 2 days.<sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-371">[368]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of 17 March,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> all countries within Europe had a confirmed case of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> being the last European country to report at least one case.<sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372">[369]</a></sup> At least one death has been reported in all European countries, apart from the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>.
</p><p>As of 18 March,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> more than 250 million people were in lockdown in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-373">[370]</a></sup>
</p>
As of 24 May, 68 days since its first recorded case, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> became the first COVID-19-free country in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-374" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-374">[371]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-375" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-375">[372]</a></sup> but this situation lasted only 44 days before a newly imported case was identified there.<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376">[373]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="France">France</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a></div>
<p>Although it was originally thought the pandemic reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in Europe was confirmed in <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, it was later discovered that a person near Paris had tested positive for the virus on 27 December 2019 after retesting old samples.<sup id="cite_ref-France-retest_249-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-retest-249">[246]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_250-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-250">[247]</a></sup> A key event in the spread of the disease in the country was the annual assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Open_Door_Church" title="Christian Open Door Church">Christian Open Door Church</a> between 17 and 24 February in <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a>, which was attended by about 2,500 people, at least half of whom are believed to have contracted the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-lepoint2369173_377-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lepoint2369173-377">[374]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-francetvinfo3889133_378-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francetvinfo3889133-378">[375]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 13 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> ordered the closure of all non-essential public places,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc51892477_379-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc51892477-379">[376]</a></sup> and on 16 March, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> announced mandatory home confinement, a policy which was extended at least until 11 May.<sup id="cite_ref-independent9405136_380-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent9405136-380">[377]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-macron13april_381-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macron13april-381">[378]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft529354_382-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft529354-382">[379]</a></sup> As of 23 April<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, France has reported more than 120,804 confirmed cases, 21,856 deaths, and 42,088 recoveries,<sup id="cite_ref-dashboard_Covid19_France_383-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dashboard_Covid19_France-383">[380]</a></sup> ranking fourth in number of confirmed cases.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoQ7-3_384-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoQ7-3-384">[381]</a></sup> In April, there were riots in some <a href="/wiki/Banlieue" title="Banlieue">Paris suburbs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-washingtonpost9881111_385-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost9881111-385">[382]</a></sup> On 18 May, it was reported that schools in France had to close again after reopening, due to COVID-19 case flare-ups.<sup id="cite_ref-386" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-386">[383]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy">Italy</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a></div>
<p>The outbreak was confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January, when two Chinese tourists tested positive for SARS‑CoV‑2 in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-Corriere_20Jan_244-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Corriere_20Jan-244">[241]</a></sup> Cases began to rise sharply, which prompted the Italian government to suspend all flights to and from China and declare a state of emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-thelocal-flight_387-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thelocal-flight-387">[384]</a></sup> An unassociated cluster of COVID-19 cases was later detected, starting with 16 confirmed cases in <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> on 21 February.<sup id="cite_ref-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb_388-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThomReut_IT_16cluster_21Feb-388">[385]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/220px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/330px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg/440px-Emergenza_coronavirus_%2849496308758%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1361" data-file-height="1020" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Emergenza_coronavirus_(49496308758).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Protezione_Civile" title="Protezione Civile">Civil Protection</a> volunteers conduct health checks at the <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Guglielmo Marconi Airport">Guglielmo Marconi Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> on 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>February.</div></div></div>
<p>On 22 February, the Council of Ministers announced a new decree-law to contain the outbreak, including quarantining more than 50,000 people from eleven different municipalities in northern Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-201_389-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-201-389">[386]</a></sup> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a> said, "In the outbreak areas, entry and exit will not be provided. Suspension of work activities and sports events has already been ordered in those areas."<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-202_390-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-202-390">[387]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-203_391-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-203-391">[388]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 4 March, the Italian government ordered the full closure of all schools and universities nationwide as Italy reached a hundred deaths. All major sporting events were to be held behind closed doors until April,<sup id="cite_ref-gZcpG_392-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gZcpG-392">[389]</a></sup> but on 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>March all sport was suspended completely for at least one month.<sup id="cite_ref-Kv4Ld_393-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kv4Ld-393">[390]</a></sup> On 11 March, Prime Minister Conte ordered stoppage of nearly all commercial activity except supermarkets and pharmacies.<sup id="cite_ref-SWDJe_394-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWDJe-394">[391]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1B1Ui_395-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1B1Ui-395">[392]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 March, the Italian College of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI) published <a href="/wiki/Medical_ethics" title="Medical ethics">medical ethics</a> recommendations regarding <a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">triage</a> protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-ZtNSb_396-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZtNSb-396">[393]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dKNFI_397-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dKNFI-397">[394]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uSIDF_398-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uSIDF-398">[395]</a></sup> On 19 March, Italy overtook China as the country with the most coronavirus-related deaths in the world after reporting 3,405 fatalities from the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-To26Y_399-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-To26Y-399">[396]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ClzT6_400-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClzT6-400">[397]</a></sup> On 22 March, it was reported that Russia had sent nine military planes with medical equipment to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-20200323euractiv_401-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200323euractiv-401">[398]</a></sup> As of 12 June<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 236,305 confirmed cases, 34,223 deaths, and 173,085 recoveries in Italy, with the majority of those cases occurring in the Lombardy region.<sup id="cite_ref-YjIcu_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YjIcu-60">[57]</a></sup> A CNN report indicated that the combination of Italy's large elderly population and inability to test all who have the virus to date may be contributing to the high fatality rate.<sup id="cite_ref-402" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-402">[399]</a></sup> On 19 April, it was reported that the country had its lowest deaths at 433 in seven days and some businesses are asking for a loosening of restrictions after six weeks of lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-thehill493586_403-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehill493586-403">[400]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Spain">Spain</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19 pandemic in Spain</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/220px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/330px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg/440px-2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-03-Detalls_i_conseq%C3%BC%C3%A8ncies_del_COVID-19_al_Pa%C3%ADs_Valenci%C3%A0_14.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Residents of <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, Spain, maintaining social distancing while queueing</div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The virus was first confirmed to have spread to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> on 31 January 2020, when a German tourist tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in <a href="/wiki/La_Gomera" title="La Gomera">La Gomera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera_404-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_SanidadConfirmaEnLaGomera-404">[401]</a></sup> Post-hoc genetic analysis has shown that at least 15 strains of the virus had been imported, and <a href="/wiki/Community_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Community transmission">community transmission</a> began by mid-February.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis_405-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_genetic_analysis-405">[402]</a></sup> By 13 March, cases had been confirmed in all 50 provinces of the country.
</p><p>A lockdown was imposed on 14 March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-406" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-406">[403]</a></sup> On 29 March, it was announced that, beginning the following day, all non-essential workers were ordered to remain at home for the next 14 days.<sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-407">[404]</a></sup> By late March, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a> has recorded the most cases and deaths in the country. Medical professionals and those who live in retirement homes have experienced especially high infection rates.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes_408-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_IrishTimes-408">[405]</a></sup> On 25 March, the death toll in Spain surpassed <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">that of mainland China</a>, and only <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">that of Italy</a> was higher.<sup id="cite_ref-409" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-409">[406]</a></sup> On 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>April, 950 people died of the virus in a 24-hour period—at the time, the most by any country in a single day.<sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-410">[407]</a></sup> On 17 May, the daily death toll announced by the Spanish government fell below 100 for the first time,<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-411">[408]</a></sup> and 1 June was the first day without deaths by coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-412" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-412">[409]</a></sup> The state of alarm ended on 21 June.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais_413-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_2020-06-22-elpais-413">[410]</a></sup> However, the number of cases increased again in July in a number of cities including <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, which led to reimposition of some restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july_414-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_bbc25july-414">[411]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug_415-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_elpais6aug-415">[412]</a></sup>
</p>
Studies have suggested that the number of infections and deaths may have under underestimated due to lack of testing and reporting, and many people with only mild or no symptoms were not tested.<sup id="cite_ref-416" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-416">[413]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-417" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-417">[414]</a></sup> Reports in May suggested that, based on a sample of more than 63,000 people, the number of infections may be ten times higher than the number of confirmed cases by that date, and <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a> and several provinces of <a href="/wiki/Castilla%E2%80%93La_Mancha" title="Castilla–La Mancha">Castilla–La Mancha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla y León">Castilla y León</a> were the most affected areas with a percentage of infection greater than 10%.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513_418-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_Europa_Press-20200513-418">[415]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513_419-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_Mundo-20200513-419">[416]</a></sup> There may also be as many as 15,815 more deaths according to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Health (Spain)">Spanish Ministry of Health</a> monitoring system on daily <a href="/wiki/Excess_mortality" class="mw-redirect" title="Excess mortality">excess mortality</a> (Sistema de Monitorización de la Mortalidad Diaria - MoMo).<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527_420-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200527-420">[417]</a></sup> On 6 July 2020, the results of a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Government">Spanish Government</a> nationwide seroprevalence study showed that about two million people, or 5.2% of the population, could have been infected during the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706_421-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_RTVE-20200706-421">[418]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706_422-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_El_País-20200706-422">[419]</a></sup> As of 17 July 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there have been 260,255 confirmed cases and 28,420 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_es-covid-165_423-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain_es-covid-165-423">[420]</a></sup></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Sweden">Sweden</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden</a></div>
<p>Sweden differed from most other European countries in that it mostly remained open.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_424-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-424">[421]</a></sup> Per the Swedish Constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Agency_of_Sweden" title="Public Health Agency of Sweden">Public Health Agency of Sweden</a> has autonomy which prevents political interference and the agency's policy favoured forgoing a lockdown in an attempt to reach <a href="/wiki/Herd_immunity" title="Herd immunity">herd immunity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20200428_425-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200428-425">[422]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said that, as of May 2020, the outbreak had been far deadlier there but the economic impact had been reduced as Swedes have continued to go to work, restaurants, and shopping.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT20200515_424-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT20200515-424">[421]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BloombergOpen_426-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BloombergOpen-426">[423]</a></sup> On 19 May, it was reported that the country had in the week of 12–19 May the highest per capita deaths in Europe, 6.25 deaths per million per day.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo162855274_427-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo162855274-427">[424]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">COVID-19 pandemic in England</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">COVID-19 pandemic in Wales</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/170px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/255px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg/340px-Wee_Annie%2C_Kempock_Street%2C_face_mask.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="2877" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wee_Annie,_Kempock_Street,_face_mask.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The "Wee Annie" statue in <a href="/wiki/Gourock,_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Gourock, Scotland">Gourock</a>, Scotland, was given a face mask during the pandemic.</div></div></div>
<p>The nature of <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution in the United Kingdom</a> meant that each of the four <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the UK</a> had its own response to COVID-19 with different rules and restrictions at different times and the UK government, on behalf of England, moving more quickly to lift restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-428" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-428">[425]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">UK government</a> did not impose any form of social distancing or mass quarantine measures until 18 March 2020<sup id="cite_ref-PkWGD_429-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PkWGD-429">[426]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pkx25_430-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pkx25-430">[427]</a></sup> and was criticised for a perceived lack of intensity in its response to concerns faced by the public.<sup id="cite_ref-LlWkl_431-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LlWkl-431">[428]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nsOiP_432-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsOiP-432">[429]</a></sup> On 16 March, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a> advised against non-essential travel and social contact, suggesting people work from home and avoid venues such as pubs, restaurants, and theatres.<sup id="cite_ref-5Q93q_433-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5Q93q-433">[430]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hYdUy_434-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hYdUy-434">[431]</a></sup> On 20 March, the government announced that all leisure establishments such as pubs and gyms were to close as soon as possible,<sup id="cite_ref-dmBNt_435-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dmBNt-435">[432]</a></sup> and promised to pay up to 80 percent of workers' wages to a limit of £2,500 per month to prevent unemployment.<sup id="cite_ref-mV2p3_436-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mV2p3-436">[433]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March, the prime minister announced tougher social distancing measures, banning gatherings of more than two people and restricting travel and outdoor activity to that deemed strictly necessary. Unlike previous measures, these restrictions were enforceable by police through fines and dispersal of gatherings. Most businesses were ordered to close, with exceptions for those deemed "essential", including supermarkets, pharmacies, banks, hardware shops, petrol stations, and garages.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-pm-2403_437-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-pm-2403-437">[434]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day,_Montagu_Road,_Wetherby_(8th_May_2020)_003.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day%2C_Montagu_Road%2C_Wetherby_%288th_May_2020%29_003.jpg/220px-Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day%2C_Montagu_Road%2C_Wetherby_%288th_May_2020%29_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day%2C_Montagu_Road%2C_Wetherby_%288th_May_2020%29_003.jpg/330px-Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day%2C_Montagu_Road%2C_Wetherby_%288th_May_2020%29_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day%2C_Montagu_Road%2C_Wetherby_%288th_May_2020%29_003.jpg/440px-Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day%2C_Montagu_Road%2C_Wetherby_%288th_May_2020%29_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Socially_distanced_street_party_for_the_75th_Anniversary_of_VE_Day,_Montagu_Road,_Wetherby_(8th_May_2020)_003.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/VE_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="VE Day">VE Day</a> celebrations took place under lockdown in the United Kingdom as in this socially distanced street party in <a href="/wiki/Wetherby" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a>, West Yorkshire.</div></div></div>
<p>On 24 April it was reported that one of the more promising vaccine trials had begun in England; the government pledged more than £50 million towards research.<sup id="cite_ref-438" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438">[435]</a></sup> To ensure UK health services had sufficient capacity to treat people with COVID-19, a number of <a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19_critical_care_hospitals" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS COVID-19 critical care hospitals">temporary critical care hospitals</a> were built.<sup id="cite_ref-20200330nursingtimes_439-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nursingtimes-439">[436]</a></sup> The first to be operational was the 4000-bed capacity <a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">NHS Nightingale Hospital London</a>, constructed within the <a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL convention centre</a> over nine days.<sup id="cite_ref-20200403theguardian_440-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200403theguardian-440">[437]</a></sup> On 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>May, it was announced that the Nightingale Hospital in London would be placed on standby and remaining patients transferred to other facilities;<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52531845_441-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52531845-441">[438]</a></sup> Nightingale had "treated 51 patients" in the first three weeks it was open.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52448982_442-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52448982-442">[439]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>May, official figures revealed Britain had the worst COVID-19 death toll in Europe, prompting calls for an inquiry into the handling of the pandemic. The death toll in the United Kingdom was nearly 29,427 (of those who tested positive for the virus). Later, it was calculated at 32,313, after taking the official death count for <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> into account.<sup id="cite_ref-20200505theguardian_443-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200505theguardian-443">[440]</a></sup> On 16 April it was reported that the UK would have first access to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> vaccine, due to a prior contract; should the trial be successful, some 30 million doses in the UK would be available.<sup id="cite_ref-444" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-444">[441]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="North_America">North America</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">COVID-19 pandemic in North America</a></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States">United States</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg/330px-COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="209" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg/495px-COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg/660px-COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="913" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_outbreak_USA_per_capita_cases_map_counties.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 residents by county</div></div></div>
<p>On 20 January 2020, the first known case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> in a man who returned from Wuhan on 15 January.<sup id="cite_ref-NEJMFirstCase_445-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJMFirstCase-445">[442]</a></sup> On 31 January, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/Public_health_emergency_(United_States)" title="Public health emergency (United States)">public health emergency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-d2WwI_446-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d2WwI-446">[443]</a></sup> On 28 January, the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) announced they had developed their own testing kit.<sup id="cite_ref-20200316politifact_447-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200316politifact-447">[444]</a></sup> The United States had a slow start in testing, which obscured the extent of the outbreak,<sup id="cite_ref-WhoriskeyMarch16_448-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoriskeyMarch16-448">[445]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WangMarch22_449-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WangMarch22-449">[446]</a></sup> marred by defective tests produced by the government in February, lack of federal approval for non-government kits, and restrictive criteria for people to qualify for a test.<sup id="cite_ref-WhoriskeyMarch16_448-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WhoriskeyMarch16-448">[445]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WangMarch22_449-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WangMarch22-449">[446]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 2 March there were 80 confirmed cases, half of them in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a>. <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> had declared their first two cases and the state of Washington reported many suspected cases and the first death. Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> maintained that the threat of the virus spreading throughout the U.S. was small.<sup id="cite_ref-hxnpg_450-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hxnpg-450">[447]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hBsw6_451-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hBsw6-451">[448]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oBFiI_452-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oBFiI-452">[449]</a></sup> On 6 March, President Trump signed the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a>, which provided $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies to respond to the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-20200404theguardian_453-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200404theguardian-453">[450]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mV0vZ_454-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mV0vZ-454">[451]</a></sup> Corporations encouraged employees to work from home.<sup id="cite_ref-LOznc_455-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOznc-455">[452]</a></sup> Sports events and seasons were cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTcancellations_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcancellations-32">[29]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law with <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>March 2020.</div></div></div>
<p>On 13 March, Trump declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">national emergency</a>, which made federal funds available to respond to the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-OoqYJ_456-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OoqYJ-456">[453]</a></sup> Beginning on 15 March, many businesses closed or reduced hours<sup id="cite_ref-ULTq4_457-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ULTq4-457">[454]</a></sup> and schools across the country were shutting down.<sup id="cite_ref-Wu0L3_458-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wu0L3-458">[455]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jmY4Q_459-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jmY4Q-459">[456]</a></sup> By 17 March, the epidemic was confirmed in all fifty states and the District of Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-npr816707182_460-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr816707182-460">[457]</a></sup> On 26 March, the United States had more confirmed cases than any other country.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20200326_247-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20200326-247">[244]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General,_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">U.S. federal health inspectors</a> surveyed 323 hospitals in late March; reporting "severe shortages" of test supplies, "widespread shortages" of <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> (PPE), and other strained resources due to extended patient stays while awaiting test results.<sup id="cite_ref-RobertsonApril7_461-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RobertsonApril7-461">[458]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/220px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/330px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg/440px-USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6905" data-file-height="4903" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USNS_Comfort_New_York_City_2020.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The hospital ship <a href="/wiki/USNS_Comfort_(T-AH-20)" title="USNS Comfort (T-AH-20)">USNS <i>Comfort</i></a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>On 22 April, it was reported that two Californians had died from the virus (not, as previously thought, influenza) on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>and 17 February, three weeks before the first official COVID-19 death in the U.S. had been acknowledged.<sup id="cite_ref-PBS-2wks_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PBS-2wks-251">[248]</a></sup> By 24 April, 889,309 cases had been confirmed and 50,256 people had died.<sup id="cite_ref-462" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-462">[459]</a></sup> As of 17 May, according to a <i>New York Times</i> database, more than 1,474,600 people had been infected and at least 88,600 had died. The <i>Times</i> said that prior to 29 April only deaths confirmed through testing were reported, but new criteria included probable cases and deaths. As of 17 May, the U.S., with about 4.25 percent of the world's population, had about 29 percent of the confirmed coronavirus deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-20200518nytimes_463-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200518nytimes-463">[460]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">White House</a> was criticised for downplaying the threat and controlling messaging, directing health officials and scientists to coordinate public statements with the office of Vice-President Pence.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTControl_464-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTControl-464">[461]</a></sup> On 14 April, President Trump halted funding to the World Health Organization (WHO), saying they mismanaged the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-465" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-465">[462]</a></sup> On 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>May the CDC presented a 17-page report to the administration, written to provide advice for faith leaders, places of business and other public places, educators, and state and local officials as they reopened. The White House refused to use the report, and Trump said he felt the guidelines were too restrictive, commenting "I see the new normal being what it was three months ago. I think we want to go back to where it was."<sup id="cite_ref-466" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-466">[463]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-467" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-467">[464]</a></sup>
</p><p>By mid-May reports of new cases began to level off and most states began to open restaurants and other businesses, placing limits on the numbers of people allowed in at one time. The head of the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">NIAID</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a>, warned that if caution was not used the rate of infections could rebound and he was particularly concerned about opening the schools in the fall. President Trump expressed disapproval of Fauci's statements, saying "To me it's not an acceptable answer, especially when it comes to schools."<sup id="cite_ref-468" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-468">[465]</a></sup> By mid-June, new cases began to rise again, with increases in the percent of positive tests and number of hospitalizations in states such as Texas, California, Florida, and Arizona.<sup id="cite_ref-469" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-469">[466]</a></sup> On 12 July, almost 6 months after the first case was recognised in the U.S., the highest single day case record of 15,300 infections was recorded in Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-470" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-470">[467]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 6 July 2020, President Trump's administration sent a notice to United Nations Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> that they would withdraw from the World Health Organization, effective 6 July 2021, under the terms of a joint resolution passed by Congress in 1948 which requires the U.S. to give one-year notice and clear its debts to leave the WHO.<sup id="cite_ref-471" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-471">[468]</a></sup> On 16 July, the U.S. set a record for the most cases in a single day with more than 75,000 confirmed infections of COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-472" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-472">[469]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="South_America">South America</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">COVID-19 pandemic in South America</a></div>
<div class="excerpt">The pandemic was confirmed to have reached <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-473" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-473">[470]</a></sup> By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.<sup id="cite_ref-Stuff/Fairfax_474-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stuff/Fairfax-474">[471]</a></sup>
<p>On April 17, the highest number of cases and deaths was registered in <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-475" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-475">[472]</a></sup> followed by <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">Peru</a> and <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">Chile</a> in the number of confirmed cases.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_ecuador_476-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_ecuador-476">[473]</a></sup>
</p><p>On May 13, it was reported that Latin America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> had reported over 400,000 cases of infection with 23,091 deaths. On May 22, citing especially the rapid increase of infections in Brazil, the WHO declared that South America is presently the epicentre of the coronavirus pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-477" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-477">[474]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-478" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-478">[475]</a></sup>
</p>
As of June 26, South America has more than 2 million confirmed cases and more than 81,000 deaths. However, due to a dearth of testing and medical facilities it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.<sup id="cite_ref-479" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-479">[476]</a></sup></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Brazil">Brazil</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg/220px-Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg/330px-Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg/440px-Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Capacita%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_profissionais_da_Sa%C3%BAde_que_atuar%C3%A3o_nos_terminais_de_%C3%B4nibus_-_49667698972.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Workers being trained to disinfect buses in <a href="/wiki/Olinda" title="Olinda">Olinda</a>, Pernambuco, Brazil, 16 March 2020</div></div></div>
<p>On 20 May it was reported that Brazil had a record 1,179 deaths in a single day, for a total of almost 18,000 fatalities. With a total number of almost 272,000 cases, Brazil became the country with the third-highest number of cases, following Russia and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-20200520reuters_480-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200520reuters-480">[477]</a></sup> On 25 May, Brazil exceeded the number of reported cases in Russia when they reported that 11,687 new cases had been confirmed over the previous 24 hours, bringing the total number to over 374,800, with more than 23,400 deaths. President <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a> has created a great deal of controversy referring to the virus as a "little flu" and frequently speaking out against preventive measures such as lockdowns and quarantines. His attitude towards the outbreak has so closely matched that of U.S. president Donald Trump he has been called the "Trump of the Tropics".<sup id="cite_ref-481" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-481">[478]</a></sup> Bolsonaro later tested positive for the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-482" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-482">[479]</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">government of Brazil</a> attempted to conceal the actual figures of the COVID-19 active cases and deaths, as it stopped publishing the total number of infections and deaths. On 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Health (Brazil)">Brazil's health ministry</a> took down the official website reflecting the total numbers of infections and deaths. The website was live on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>June, with only the number of infections of previous 24 hours. The last official numbers reported about 615,000 infections and over 34,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-483" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-483">[480]</a></sup> On 15 June, it was reported that the worldwide cases had jumped from seven to eight million in one week, citing Latin America, specifically Brazil as one of the countries where cases are surging, in this case, towards 1 million cases.<sup id="cite_ref-484" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-484">[481]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Africa">Africa</span></h3>
<div class="excerpt">
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">COVID-19 pandemic in Africa</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/220px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/330px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg/440px-Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_%2849829156488%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Forces_Africa_delivers_medical_supplies_to_Ghana_(49829156488).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> airmen unload a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a> aircraft carrying approximately 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of medical supplies in <a href="/wiki/Niamey,_Niger" class="mw-redirect" title="Niamey, Niger">Niamey, Niger</a> 23 April 2020.</div></div></div>
<p>According to Michael Yao, WHO's head of emergency operations in Africa, early detection is vital because the continent's health systems "are already overwhelmed by many ongoing disease outbreaks".<sup id="cite_ref-485" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-485">[482]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-486" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-486">[483]</a></sup> Advisers say that a strategy based on testing could allow African countries to minimise lockdowns that inflict enormous hardship on those who depend on income earned day by day to be able to feed themselves and their families. Even in the best scenario, the United Nations says 74 million test kits and 30,000 ventilators will be needed by the continent's 1.3 billion people in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-487" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-487">[484]</a></sup> The number of infections exceeded a million by 6 August, with five countries make up over 75% of the total confirmed cases: South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_6august_488-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_6august-488">[485]</a></sup> It is, however, believed that there is widespread under-reporting in other African countries with poorer health care systems,<sup id="cite_ref-489" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-489">[486]</a></sup> and some countries such as <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> failed to provide useful statistics. The mortality rates of COVID-19 cases in African countries are relatively low compared to Europe due to the younger age of their populations.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_6august_488-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian_6august-488">[485]</a></sup>
</p><p>Cases have been confirmed in all African countries, with <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> the last country to report its first coronavirus case on 13 May 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-490" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-490">[487]</a></sup> There have been no reported cases in the <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-491" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-491">[488]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Oceania">Oceania</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">
The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">pandemic</a> was confirmed to have reached <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne, Victoria">Melbourne, Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1_492-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_AustraliaCase1-492">[489]</a></sup> It has since spread elsewhere in the region,<sup id="cite_ref-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard_493-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania_WHO_Dashboard-493">[490]</a></sup> although many small Pacific <a href="/wiki/Island_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Island nation">island nations</a> have thus far avoided the outbreak by closing their international borders. As of 14 August, ten Oceania sovereign states have yet to report a case: <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated State of Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>.</div></div>
<p>On 19 May 2020, Australia filed a motion with the UN for an inquiry into the origins of the virus, and the response of the UN and governments. More than 100 countries supported this motion, and it was passed unanimously.<sup id="cite_ref-newsweek1505491_494-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsweek1505491-494">[491]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-495" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-495">[492]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_responses">International responses</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_restrictions">Travel restrictions</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>As a result of the pandemic, many countries and regions imposed quarantines, entry bans, or other restrictions, either for citizens, recent travellers to affected areas,<sup id="cite_ref-20200326nytimes_496-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200326nytimes-496">[493]</a></sup> or for all travellers.<sup id="cite_ref-497" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-497">[494]</a></sup> Together with a decreased willingness to travel, this had a <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">negative economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social impact</a> on the travel sector. Concerns have been raised over the effectiveness of travel restrictions to contain the spread of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200224nationalgeographic_498-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200224nationalgeographic-498">[495]</a></sup> A study in <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> found that travel restrictions had only modestly affected the initial spread of COVID-19, unless combined with <a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">infection prevention and control</a> measures to considerably reduce transmissions.<sup id="cite_ref-499" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-499">[496]</a></sup> Researchers concluded that "travel restrictions are most useful in the early and late phase of an epidemic" and "restrictions of travel from Wuhan unfortunately came too late".<sup id="cite_ref-500" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500">[497]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> rejected the idea of suspending the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Agreement" title="Schengen Agreement">Schengen free travel zone</a> and introducing border controls with Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-dw52497811_501-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw52497811-501">[498]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200313euractiv_502-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200313euractiv-502">[499]</a></sup> a decision which has been criticised by some European politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-scmp3073897_503-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scmp3073897-503">[500]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200226nytimes_504-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200226nytimes-504">[501]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Evacuation_of_foreign_citizens">Evacuation of foreign citizens</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/220px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/330px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg/440px-Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="804" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukraine_evacuates_Ukrainian_and_foreign_citizens_from_Wuhan_16.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ukraine evacuates Ukrainian and foreign citizens from <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, China.</div></div></div>
<p>Owing to the effective quarantine of public transport in Wuhan and Hubei, several countries evacuated their citizens and diplomatic staff from the area, primarily through <a href="/wiki/Air_charter" title="Air charter">chartered flights</a> of the home nation, with Chinese authorities providing clearance. Canada, the United States, Japan, India,<sup id="cite_ref-505" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-505">[502]</a></sup> Sri Lanka, Australia, France, Argentina, Germany, and Thailand were among the first to plan the evacuation of their citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-169_506-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-169-506">[503]</a></sup> Brazil and New Zealand also evacuated their own nationals and some other people.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-171_507-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-171-507">[504]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6l9jG_508-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6l9jG-508">[505]</a></sup> On 14 March, South Africa repatriated 112 South Africans who tested negative for the virus from Wuhan, while four who showed symptoms were left behind to mitigate risk.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_509-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-509">[506]</a></sup> Pakistan said it would not evacuate citizens from China.<sup id="cite_ref-20200131dialoguepakistan_510-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200131dialoguepakistan-510">[507]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 15 February, the U.S. announced it would evacuate Americans aboard the cruise ship <i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Princess_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond Princess outbreak">Diamond Princess</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-174_511-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-174-511">[508]</a></sup> and on 21 February, Canada evacuated 129 Canadian passengers from the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-175_512-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-175-512">[509]</a></sup> In early March, the Indian government began evacuating its citizens from Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-czjOG_513-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-czjOG-513">[510]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indiatimes74647353_514-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indiatimes74647353-514">[511]</a></sup> On 20 March, the United States began to partially <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Iraq_(2020)" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq (2020)">withdraw its troops from Iraq</a> due to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-USWithdraw_515-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USWithdraw-515">[512]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="International_aid">International aid</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="United_Nations_response_measures">United Nations response measures</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations%27_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations' response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations' response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> has coordinated the global response to the coronavirus pandemic, led by its <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>. The response can be divided into formal <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">resolutions</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> (UNSC), and operations via its specialized <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">agencies</a>, chiefly the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> in the initial stages, but involving more humanitarian-oriented agencies, like <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-516" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-516">[513]</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">International Labour Organization</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-517" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-517">[514]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights</a><sup id="cite_ref-518" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-518">[515]</a></sup> as the humanitarian impact became clearer, and then economic organizations, like the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:52_519-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:52-519">[516]</a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-520" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-520">[517]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-521" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-521">[518]</a></sup> as the socioeconomic implications worsened. In June 2020, the Secretary-General launched its 'UN Comprehensive Response to COVID-19'.<sup id="cite_ref-522" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-522">[519]</a></sup> The UNSC has been criticized for a slow coordinated response, especially regarding the UN's <a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">global ceasefire</a>, which aims to open up humanitarian access to the world's most vulnerable in conflict zones.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_523-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-523">[520]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="WHO_response_measures">WHO response measures</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_(44834995345).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_%2844834995345%29.jpg/220px-Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_%2844834995345%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_%2844834995345%29.jpg/330px-Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_%2844834995345%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_%2844834995345%29.jpg/440px-Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_%2844834995345%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus_(44834995345).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>WHO Director-General <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a></div></div></div>
<p>Taiwan posted an inquiry to the WHO on 31 December 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Time-Taiwan-note_524-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-Taiwan-note-524">[521]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Time-Taiwan_525-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Time-Taiwan-525">[522]</a></sup> The WHO has commended the Chinese authorities for providing "regular updates," contrasting it to the <a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">2002–2004 SARS outbreak</a> when they were accused of secrecy.<sup id="cite_ref-autoCP_526-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoCP-526">[523]</a></sup> The WHO said on 5<span class="nowrap"> </span>January that cases of pneumonia of unknown cause had been reported,<sup id="cite_ref-527" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-527">[524]</a></sup> and issued technical briefings on 10 and 11 January warning of risks of human-to-human transmission and urging precautions due to the similarity to earlier <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome">SARS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome">MERS</a> outbreaks.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-WHO2_528-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-WHO2-528">[525]</a></sup> though in public announcements it said there was "no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission" as late as 14 January.<sup id="cite_ref-529" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-529">[526]</a></sup> On 20 January, the WHO said it was "now very clear" human-to-human transmission of the coronavirus had occurred, given that healthcare workers had been infected.<sup id="cite_ref-KesslerApril17_530-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KesslerApril17-530">[527]</a></sup> On 27 January, the WHO assessed the risk of the outbreak to be "high at the global level."<sup id="cite_ref-AFPhigh_531-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFPhigh-531">[528]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 30 January, the WHO declared the outbreak a <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a> (PHEIC), warning that "all countries should be prepared for containment, including active surveillance, early detection, isolation and case management, <a href="/wiki/Contact_tracing" title="Contact tracing">contact tracing</a> and prevention of onward spread" of the virus,<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-8">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KennedyJanuary30_532-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KennedyJanuary30-532">[529]</a></sup> following an increase in cases outside China. This was the sixth-ever PHEIC since the measure was first invoked during the <a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">2009 swine flu pandemic</a>. WHO Director-General <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> said the PHEIC was due to "the risk of global spread, especially to low- and middle-income countries without robust health systems," but that the WHO did not "recommend limiting trade and movement."<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_PHEIC_decl2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_PHEIC_decl2-8">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WHODeclaration_533-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHODeclaration-533">[530]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-188_534-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-188-534">[531]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/220px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/330px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg/440px-13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="639" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:13981214000744637189356214810969_%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>WHO representatives with <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> city managers</div></div></div>
<p>On 11 February, the WHO established COVID-19 as the name of the disease, and UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> agreed to provide the "power of the entire UN system in the response." A UN Crisis Management Team was activated, allowing coordination of the entire United Nations, which the WHO said will allow them to "focus on the health response while the other agencies can bring their expertise to bear on the wider social, economic and developmental implications of the outbreak".<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-191_535-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-191-535">[532]</a></sup> On 25 February, the WHO declared "the world should do more to prepare for a possible coronavirus pandemic," stating that while it was too early to call it a pandemic, countries should be "in a phase of preparedness."<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-193_536-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-193-536">[533]</a></sup> On 28 February, WHO officials said the coronavirus threat assessment at the global level would be raised from "high" to "very high", its highest level of alert and risk assessment.<sup id="cite_ref-qg2TX_537-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qg2TX-537">[534]</a></sup> On 11 March, the WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-gBXFp_538-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gBXFp-538">[535]</a></sup> The Director-General said the WHO was "deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction".<sup id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic-9">[8]</a></sup> Critics have said the WHO handled the pandemic inadequately and that the PHEIC and pandemic classification came too late.<sup id="cite_ref-539" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-539">[536]</a></sup> The third meeting of the WHO Emergency Committee on 30 April renewed the declaration of PHEIC for the second time.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO1May2020_540-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO1May2020-540">[537]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impact">Impact</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Economics">Economics</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">on science and technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">on financial markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus recession">Coronavirus recession</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:292px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Stock-indices-2020crash.svg/290px-Stock-indices-2020crash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Stock-indices-2020crash.svg/435px-Stock-indices-2020crash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Stock-indices-2020crash.svg/580px-Stock-indices-2020crash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="378" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stock-indices-2020crash.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A <a href="/wiki/Stock_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock index">stock index</a> chart shows the <a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">2020 stock market crash</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (July 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup></div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak is a major destabilising threat to the global economy. Agathe Demarais of the <a href="/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit" title="Economist Intelligence Unit">Economist Intelligence Unit</a> has forecast that markets will remain volatile until a clearer image emerges on potential outcomes. One estimate from an expert at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> gave a $300+<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion impact on the world's supply chain that could last up to two years.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-268_541-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-268-541">[538]</a></sup> Global stock markets fell on 24 February due to a significant rise in the number of COVID-19 cases outside China.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-270_542-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-270-542">[539]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-271_543-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-271-543">[540]</a></sup> On 27 February, due to mounting worries about the coronavirus outbreak, U.S. stock indexes posted their sharpest falls since 2008, with the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow</a> falling 1,191 points (the largest one-day drop since the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">financial crisis of 2007–08</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-S6DVx_544-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S6DVx-544">[541]</a></sup> and all three major indexes ending the week down more than 10 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-U7teI_545-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U7teI-545">[542]</a></sup> On 28 February, Scope Ratings GmbH affirmed China's sovereign credit rating but maintained a Negative Outlook.<sup id="cite_ref-NRWqJ_546-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRWqJ-546">[543]</a></sup> Stocks plunged again due to coronavirus fears, the largest fall being on 16 March.<sup id="cite_ref-m0beI_547-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m0beI-547">[544]</a></sup> Many consider an economic recession likely.<sup id="cite_ref-5d3HR_548-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5d3HR-548">[545]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-QL3uW_549-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QL3uW-549">[546]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London" title="Lloyd's of London">Lloyd's of London</a> has estimated that the global insurance industry will absorb losses of US$204 billion, exceeding the losses from the 2017 Atlantic Hurricane season and 9/11, suggesting the COVID-19 pandemic will likely go down in history as the costliest disaster ever in human history.<sup id="cite_ref-550" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-550">[547]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto%2C_March_2020_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="1654" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_highway_sign_in_Toronto,_March_2020_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A highway sign on the <a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Expressway" title="Gardiner Expressway">Gardiner Expressway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> discouraging non-essential travel</div></div></div>
<p>Tourism is one of the worst affected sectors due to travel bans, closing of public places including travel attractions, and advice of governments against travel. Numerous airlines have cancelled flights due to lower demand, and British regional airline <a href="/wiki/Flybe" title="Flybe">Flybe</a> collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-z2VrM_551-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z2VrM-551">[548]</a></sup> The cruise line industry was hard hit,<sup id="cite_ref-smh20200227_552-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh20200227-552">[549]</a></sup> and several train stations and ferry ports have also been closed.<sup id="cite_ref-wnn7L_553-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnn7L-553">[550]</a></sup> International mail between some countries stopped or was delayed due to reduced transportation between them or suspension of domestic service.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj1158868721_554-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj1158868721-554">[551]</a></sup>
</p><p>The retail sector has been impacted globally, with reductions in store hours or temporary closures.<sup id="cite_ref-4QUSL_555-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4QUSL-555">[552]</a></sup> Visits to retailers in Europe and Latin America declined by 40 percent. North America and Middle East retailers saw a 50–60 percent drop.<sup id="cite_ref-20200402aislelabs_556-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200402aislelabs-556">[553]</a></sup> This also resulted in a 33–43 percent drop in foot traffic to shopping centres in March compared to February. Shopping mall operators around the world imposed additional measures, such as increased sanitation, installation of thermal scanners to check the temperature of shoppers, and cancellation of events.<sup id="cite_ref-J6Y6Z_557-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J6Y6Z-557">[554]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_basket_Covid.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Food_basket_Covid.jpg/220px-Food_basket_Covid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Food_basket_Covid.jpg/330px-Food_basket_Covid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Food_basket_Covid.jpg/440px-Food_basket_Covid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_basket_Covid.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>"Those who can, put something in; those who can't, help yourself." <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, April 2020.</div></div></div>
<p>Hundreds of millions of jobs could be lost globally.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004271718_558-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004271718-558">[555]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200506csmonitor_559-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200506csmonitor-559">[556]</a></sup> More than 40 million Americans <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">lost their jobs</a> and filed <a href="/wiki/Unemployment_insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Unemployment insurance">unemployment insurance</a> claims.<sup id="cite_ref-20200528WaPo_560-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200528WaPo-560">[557]</a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America</a> estimate, the pandemic-induced recession could leave 14–22 million more people in <a href="/wiki/Extreme_poverty" title="Extreme poverty">extreme poverty</a> in Latin America than would have been in that situation without the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-20200403elpais_561-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200403elpais-561">[558]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, up to 100 million more people globally could fall into extreme poverty due to the shutdowns.<sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_1-28">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_2-29">[26]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Extreme_poverty_3_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Extreme_poverty_3-30">[27]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Supply_shortages">Supply shortages</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/220px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/330px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg/440px-Ntuc_super_store%2C_Singapore_%2849505410793%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ntuc_super_store,_Singapore_(49505410793).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Coronavirus fears have led to panic buying of essentials across the world, including <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a>, dried and/or <a href="/wiki/Instant_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Instant noodles">instant noodles</a>, bread, rice, vegetables, disinfectant, and <a href="/wiki/Rubbing_alcohol" title="Rubbing alcohol">rubbing alcohol</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak has been blamed for several instances of <a href="/wiki/Shortage" title="Shortage">supply shortages</a>, stemming from globally increased usage of equipment to fight outbreaks, panic buying (which in several places led to shelves being cleared of grocery essentials such as food, toilet paper, and bottled water), and disruption to factory and logistic operations.<sup id="cite_ref-XvcU9_562-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XvcU9-562">[559]</a></sup> The spread of panic buying has been found to stem from perceived threat, perceived scarcity, fear of the unknown, coping behaviour and social psychological factors (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">social influence</a> and trust).<sup id="cite_ref-563" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-563">[560]</a></sup> The technology industry, in particular, has warned of delays to shipments of electronic goods.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-263_564-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-263-564">[561]</a></sup> According to the WHO director-general <a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a>, demand for personal protection equipment has risen a hundredfold, leading to prices up to twenty times the normal price and also delays in the supply of medical items of four to six months.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-275_565-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-275-565">[562]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-276_566-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-276-566">[563]</a></sup> It has also caused a shortage of personal protective equipment worldwide, with the WHO warning that this will endanger health workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Mycfo_567-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mycfo-567">[564]</a></sup>
</p><p>The impact of the coronavirus outbreak was worldwide. The virus created a shortage of <a href="/wiki/Precursor_(chemistry)" title="Precursor (chemistry)">precursors</a> (raw material) used in the manufacturing of <a href="/wiki/Fentanyl" title="Fentanyl">fentanyl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yuancheng_Group" title="Yuancheng Group">Yuancheng Group</a>, headquartered in Wuhan, China, is one of the leading suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-DSstandaard_568-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DSstandaard-568">[565]</a></sup> Price increases and shortages in these illegal drugs have been noticed on the street of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_569-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-569">[566]</a></sup> U.S. law enforcement also told the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></i> Mexican <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a> were having difficulty in obtaining precursors.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Post_570-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Post-570">[567]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic has disrupted global <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food supplies</a> and threatens to trigger a new <a href="/wiki/Food_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Food crisis">food crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200414foreignpolicy_571-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200414foreignpolicy-571">[568]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004211359_572-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004211359-572">[569]</a></sup> David Beasley, head of the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> (WFP), said "we could be facing multiple <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famines</a> of biblical proportions within a short few months."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_573-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-573">[570]</a></sup>Senior officials at the United Nations estimated in April 2020 that an additional 130 million people could <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starve</a>, for a total of 265 million by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-20200421un_574-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200421un-574">[571]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc52373888_573-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52373888-573">[570]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200422nytimes_575-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200422nytimes-575">[572]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Oil_and_other_energy_markets">Oil and other energy markets</span></h4>
<p>In early February 2020, <a href="/wiki/OPEC" title="OPEC">Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries</a> (OPEC) "scrambled" after a steep decline in <a href="/wiki/Price_of_oil" title="Price of oil">oil prices</a> due to lower demand from China.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-269_576-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-269-576">[573]</a></sup> On Monday, 20 April, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) went negative and fell to a record low (minus $37.63 a barrel) due to traders' offloading holdings so as not to take delivery and incur storage costs.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_577-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-577">[574]</a></sup> June prices were down but in the positive range, with a barrel of West Texas trading above $20.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020_577-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC,_US_oil_prices,_21_April_2020-577">[574]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Culture">Culture</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">on cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">on religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">on sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">on television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">on video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">on performing arts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">on music</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg/220px-3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg/330px-3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg/440px-3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="609" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:3404926_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Closed entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdol-Azim_Shrine" title="Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine">Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ray,_Iran" title="Ray, Iran">Ray, Iran</a></div></div></div>
<p>The performing arts and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural heritage sector">cultural heritage sectors</a> have been profoundly affected by the pandemic, impacting organisations' operations as well as individuals—both employed and independent—globally. Arts and culture sector organisations attempted to uphold their (often publicly funded) mission to provide access to cultural heritage to the community, maintain the safety of their employees and the public, and support artists where possible. By March 2020, across the world and to varying degrees, museums, libraries, performance venues, and other cultural institutions had been indefinitely closed with their exhibitions, events and performances cancelled or postponed.<sup id="cite_ref-578" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-578">[575]</a></sup> In response there were intensive efforts to provide alternative services through digital platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-579" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-579">[576]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burke2020_580-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-580">[577]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SxIEK_581-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SxIEK-581">[578]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A man wearing purple vestments and standing at an altar uses a mobile phone camera to record himself. Empty pews are visible in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/220px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/330px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg/440px-Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_service_live-streaming_during_the_2020_coronavirus_pandemic.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>An American Catholic military chaplain prepares for a live-streamed <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> in an empty chapel at <a href="/wiki/Offutt_Air_Force_Base" title="Offutt Air Force Base">Offutt Air Force Base</a> in March 2020.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> observances in Rome, which occur during the last week of the Christian penitential season of <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, were cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke2020_580-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-580">[577]</a></sup> Many <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">dioceses</a> have recommended older Christians stay home rather than attend <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> on <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Sundays</a>; <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">services</a> have been made available via radio, online live streaming and television, though some congregations have made provisions for drive-in worship.<sup id="cite_ref-Parke2020_582-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parke2020-582">[579]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qpm1n_583-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qpm1n-583">[580]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burke2020_580-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-580">[577]</a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Roman Catholic Diocese of Rome</a> closing its churches and chapels and <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> emptied of <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Christian pilgrims</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Burke2020_580-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-580">[577]</a></sup> other religious bodies also cancelled in-person services and limited public gatherings in churches, mosques, synagogues, temples and <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwaras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burke2020_580-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burke2020-580">[577]</a></sup> Iran's Health Ministry announced the cancellation of Friday prayers in areas affected by the outbreak and shrines were later closed,<sup id="cite_ref-Urdn6_329-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Urdn6-329">[326]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iran_shrines_336-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iran_shrines-336">[333]</a></sup> while Saudi Arabia banned the entry of foreign pilgrims as well as its residents to holy sites in Mecca and Medina.<sup id="cite_ref-HFdq4_584-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HFdq4-584">[581]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-V8C1i_585-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-V8C1i-585">[582]</a></sup>
</p><p>The pandemic has caused the most significant disruption to the worldwide sporting calendar since the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Most major sporting events have been cancelled or postponed, including the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_UEFA_Champions_League" title="2019–20 UEFA Champions League">2019–20 UEFA Champions League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8med7_586-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8med7-586">[583]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Premier_League" title="2019–20 Premier League">2019–20 Premier League</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sSb4h_587-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sSb4h-587">[584]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2020" title="UEFA Euro 2020">UEFA Euro 2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="2019–20 NBA season">2019–20 NBA season</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HY7m9_588-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HY7m9-588">[585]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_NHL_season" title="2019–20 NHL season">2019–20 NHL season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rixzT_589-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rixzT-589">[586]</a></sup> The outbreak <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 2020 Summer Olympics">disrupted plans</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan, which were originally scheduled to start at 24 July 2020, and were postponed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> to 23 July 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-fqsQg_590-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fqsQg-590">[587]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Postponement_591-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Postponement-591">[588]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IOC_2021_Dates_592-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC_2021_Dates-592">[589]</a></sup>
</p><p>The entertainment industry has also been affected, with many music groups suspending or cancelling concert tours.<sup id="cite_ref-qpQAN_593-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qpQAN-593">[590]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3qWDp_594-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3qWDp-594">[591]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">Eurovision Song Contest</a>, which was due to be held in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, the Netherlands in May, was cancelled, however the Netherlands was retained as host for <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc51870325_595-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc51870325-595">[592]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-596" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-596">[593]</a></sup> Many large theatres such as those on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> also suspended all performances.<sup id="cite_ref-XfQuW_597-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XfQuW-597">[594]</a></sup> Some artists have explored ways to continue to produce and share work over the internet as an alternative to traditional live performance, such as live streaming concerts<sup id="cite_ref-SZ5Mc_598-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SZ5Mc-598">[595]</a></sup> or creating web-based "festivals" for artists to perform, distribute, and publicise their work.<sup id="cite_ref-mYlLn_599-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mYlLn-599">[596]</a></sup> Online, numerous COVID-19-themed <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet memes</a> have spread as many turn to humour and distraction amid the uncertainty.<sup id="cite_ref-600" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-600">[597]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations</a></div>
<p>The pandemic has affected the political systems of multiple countries, causing suspensions of legislative activities,<sup id="cite_ref-20200313nationalpost_601-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200313nationalpost-601">[598]</a></sup> isolations or deaths of multiple politicians,<sup id="cite_ref-20200318foreignpolicy_602-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200318foreignpolicy-602">[599]</a></sup> and rescheduling of elections due to fears of spreading the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-20200427nytimes_603-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200427nytimes-603">[600]</a></sup>
Starting in late May, <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">large-scale protests</a> against police brutality in at least 200 U.S. cities and <a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">later worldwide</a> in response to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Floyd" title="Killing of George Floyd">killing of George Floyd</a> raised <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests#Concerns_over_COVID-19_transmission" title="George Floyd protests">concerns of a resurgence of the virus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-604" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-604">[601]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although they have broad support among epidemiologists, social distancing measures have been politically controversial in many countries. Intellectual opposition to social distancing has come primarily from writers of other fields, although there are a few heterodox epidemiologists.<sup id="cite_ref-605" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-605">[602]</a></sup>
</p><p>The measures taken to combat the pandemic are part of an unusually large expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.<sup id="cite_ref-606" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-606">[603]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March, 2020, United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres</a> issued an appeal for a <a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">global ceasefire</a> in response to the pandemic;<sup id="cite_ref-607" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-607">[604]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-608" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-608">[605]</a></sup> 172 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal in June,<sup id="cite_ref-609" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-609">[606]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> passed a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2532" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2532">resolution</a> supporting it in July.<sup id="cite_ref-610" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-610">[607]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-611" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-611">[608]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China_2">China</span></h4>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#COVID-19" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § COVID-19</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg/220px-Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg/330px-Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg/440px-Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="336" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Xi_jinping_and_Li_keqiang.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist Party</a> general secretary <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> (left) with <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a> Premier <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a></div></div></div>
<p>The Chinese government has been criticised by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">United States government</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200311foreignpolicy_612-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200311foreignpolicy-612">[609]</a></sup> UK Minister for the Cabinet Office <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-613" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-613">[610]</a></sup> and others<sup id="cite_ref-20200319bloomberg_614-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200319bloomberg-614">[611]</a></sup> for its handling of the pandemic. A number of provincial-level administrators of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Communist Party of China</a> were dismissed over their handling of the quarantine measures in China, a sign of discontent with their response to the outbreak. Some commentators believed this move was intended to protect <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">Chinese Communist Party</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party">general secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a> from the controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-vLpPa_615-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vLpPa-615">[612]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">U.S. intelligence community</a> says China intentionally under-reported its number of coronavirus cases.<sup id="cite_ref-20200402nytimes_616-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200402nytimes-616">[613]</a></sup> The Chinese government maintains it has acted swiftly and transparently.<sup id="cite_ref-617" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-617">[614]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-618" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-618">[615]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Italy_2">Italy</span></h4>
<p>In early March, the Italian government criticised the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s lack of solidarity with coronavirus-affected Italy<sup id="cite_ref-Y27Kh_619-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Y27Kh-619">[616]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91jge_620-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91jge-620">[617]</a></sup>—Maurizio Massari, Italy's ambassador to the EU, said "only China responded bilaterally", not the EU.<sup id="cite_ref-politico-corona_621-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-corona-621">[618]</a></sup> On 22 March, after a phone call with Italian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>, Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian army</a> send military medics, disinfection vehicles, and other medical equipment to Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters219081_622-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters219081-622">[619]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Lombardy" title="President of Lombardy">President of Lombardy</a> <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Fontana" title="Attilio Fontana">Attilio Fontana</a> and Italian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Di_Maio" title="Luigi Di Maio">Luigi Di Maio</a> expressed their gratitude for the aid.<sup id="cite_ref-20200328insideover_623-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200328insideover-623">[620]</a></sup> Russia also sent a cargo plane with medical aid to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-20200401themoscowtimes_624-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200401themoscowtimes-624">[621]</a></sup> Kremlin spokesman <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov" title="Dmitry Peskov">Dmitry Peskov</a> said "when offering assistance to U.S. colleagues, [Putin] assumes that when U.S. manufacturers of medical equipment and materials gain momentum, they will also be able to reciprocate if necessary."<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera2004010659_625-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera2004010659-625">[622]</a></sup>
In early April, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and EU states like <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> started to offer help by sending medical personnel and disinfectant,<sup id="cite_ref-eumedicalteams_626-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eumedicalteams-626">[623]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">Ursula von der Leyen</a> offered an official apology to the country.<sup id="cite_ref-euapology_627-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euapology-627">[624]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="United_States_2">United States</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/220px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/330px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg/440px-Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_%2849799974031%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1506" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Ohio_Rally_IMG_0910_(49799974031).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Several hundred anti-lockdown protesters rallied at the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Statehouse" title="Ohio Statehouse">Ohio Statehouse</a> 20 April.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbus_Dispatch_628-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbus_Dispatch-628">[625]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The outbreak prompted calls for the United States to adopt social policies common in other wealthy countries, including <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universal_child_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal child care">universal child care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paid_sick_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Paid sick leave">paid sick leave</a>, and higher levels of funding for public health.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Calls_629-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Calls-629">[626]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hill5_630-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hill5-630">[627]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ddn2P_631-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ddn2P-631">[628]</a></sup> Political analysts anticipated it may negatively affect Donald Trump's chances of <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">re-election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TrumpChances_632-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpChances-632">[629]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AtlanticChances_633-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtlanticChances-633">[630]</a></sup> Beginning in mid-April 2020, there were <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" title="2020 United States anti-lockdown protests">protests</a> in several U.S. states against government-imposed business closures and restricted personal movement and association.<sup id="cite_ref-634" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-634">[631]</a></sup> Simultaneously, protests ensued by <a href="/wiki/Essential_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Essential worker">essential workers</a> in the form of a <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_essential_workers_general_strike" title="2020 United States essential workers general strike">general strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-635" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-635">[632]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_countries">Other countries</span></h4>
<p>The planned <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_exercises" title="List of NATO exercises">Defender 2020</a>" military exercise in Germany, Poland, and the Baltic states, the largest NATO war exercise since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, will be held on a reduced scale.<sup id="cite_ref-20200320spectator_636-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200320spectator-636">[633]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200319reuters_637-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200319reuters-637">[634]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a>'s general secretary <a href="/wiki/Kate_Hudson_(activist)" title="Kate Hudson (activist)">Kate Hudson</a> criticised the exercise, saying "it jeopardises the lives not only of the troops from the U.S. and the many European countries participating but the inhabitants of the countries in which they are operating."<sup id="cite_ref-20200318morningstaronline_638-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200318morningstaronline-638">[635]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Iranian government has been heavily affected by the virus, with about two dozen parliament members and fifteen current or former political figures infected.<sup id="cite_ref-D2Xpc_339-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D2Xpc-339">[336]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nmEQ5_639-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nmEQ5-639">[636]</a></sup> Iran's President <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> wrote a public letter to world leaders asking for help on 14 March 2020, saying they were struggling to fight the outbreak due to a lack of access to international markets from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">United States sanctions against Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-u2rRX_640-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-u2rRX-640">[637]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, which launched a <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">military intervention in Yemen</a> in March 2015, declared a ceasefire.<sup id="cite_ref-20200409foreignpolicy_641-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200409foreignpolicy-641">[638]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Japan–South Korea relations">Diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea</a> worsened due to the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-z8lBE_642-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-z8lBE-642">[639]</a></sup> South Korea criticised Japan's "ambiguous and passive quarantine efforts" after Japan announced anyone coming from South Korea would be placed in quarantine for two weeks at government-designated sites.<sup id="cite_ref-HnqN4_643-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HnqN4-643">[640]</a></sup> South Korean society was initially polarised on President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a>'s response to the crisis; many Koreans signed petitions either calling for Moon's <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeachment</a> or praising his response.<sup id="cite_ref-imx38_362-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imx38-362">[359]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some countries have passed emergency legislation in response to the pandemic. Some commentators have expressed concern that it could allow governments to strengthen their grip on power.<sup id="cite_ref-20200331theguardian_644-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200331theguardian-644">[641]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200330nytimes_645-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200330nytimes-645">[642]</a></sup> In the Philippines, lawmakers granted president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> temporary emergency powers during the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_646-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-646">[643]</a></sup> In Hungary, the parliament voted to allow the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a>, to rule by decree indefinitely, suspend parliament as well as elections, and punish those deemed to have spread false information about the virus and the government's handling of the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-20200330cnn_647-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200330cnn-647">[644]</a></sup> In some countries, including <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dw53009293_648-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dw53009293-648">[645]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_649-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-649">[646]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_646-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews-censorship-646">[643]</a></sup> opposition activists and government critics have been <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Combative_efforts" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">arrested</a> for allegedly spreading <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> about the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_650-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200410straitstimes-650">[647]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Famine">Famine</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic-related_famines" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic-related famines">COVID-19 pandemic-related famines</a></div>
<p>The pandemic, alongside lockdowns and travel restrictions, has prevented movement of aid and greatly impacted food production. As a result, several famines are forecast, which the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> called a crisis "of biblical proportions,"<sup id="cite_ref-:4_651-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-651">[648]</a></sup> or "hunger pandemic."<sup id="cite_ref-652" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-652">[649]</a></sup> It is estimated that without intervention 30 million people may die of hunger, with <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> reporting that "12,000 people per day could die from COVID-19 linked hunger" by the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_653-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-653">[650]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_651-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-651">[648]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-654" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-654">[651]</a></sup>
This pandemic, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/2019-20_locust_infestation" class="mw-redirect" title="2019-20 locust infestation">2019-20 locust infestations</a> and several <a href="/wiki/Ongoing_armed_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ongoing armed conflicts">ongoing armed conflicts</a>, is predicted to form the worst series of famines since the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine" title="Great Chinese Famine">Great Chinese Famine</a>, affecting between 10 and 20 percent of the global population in some way.<sup id="cite_ref-655" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-655">[652]</a></sup>
55 countries are reported to be at risk, with three dozen succumbing to crisis-level famines or above in the worst-case scenario.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_Food_Report_656-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Food_Report-656">[653]</a></sup> 265 million people are forecast to be in famine conditions, an increase of 125 million due to the coronavirus pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-:Oxfam_12000_653-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Oxfam_12000-653">[650]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Education">Education</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education</a></div>
<div class="excerpt"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:452px;"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_school_closures.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_school_closures.svg/450px-COVID-19_school_closures.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="228" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_school_closures.svg/675px-COVID-19_school_closures.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/COVID-19_school_closures.svg/900px-COVID-19_school_closures.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:COVID-19_school_closures.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Learners affected by school closures caused by COVID-19 as of 29 July 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> <div style="padding-left: 2em; padding-right:0em; overflow: hidden;"><div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #e6550d; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Country-wide school closures</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #fdae6b; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> Localized school closures</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #1f78b4; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> No school closures</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #c0c0c0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;"> </span> No data</div></div></div></div></div>
<p>The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">pandemic</a> has affected educational systems worldwide, leading to the near-total closures of schools, universities and colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-657" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-657">[654]</a></sup>
</p><p>Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions in an attempt to contain the spread of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-658" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-658">[655]</a></sup> As of 27 July 2020, approximately 1.725<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learners</a> are currently affected due to school closures in response to the pandemic. According to <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> monitoring, 106 countries are currently implementing nationwide closures and 55 are implementing local closures, impacting about 98.6 percent of the world's student population. 48 countries' schools are currently open.<sup id="cite_ref-659" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-659">[656]</a></sup>
</p><p>On 23 March 2020, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_International_Examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge International Examinations">Cambridge International Examinations</a> (CIE) released a statement announcing the cancellation of Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge O Level, Cambridge International AS & A Level, Cambridge AICE Diploma, and Cambridge Pre-U examinations for the May/June 2020 series across all countries.<sup id="cite_ref-660" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-660">[657]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/International_Baccalaureate" title="International Baccalaureate">International Baccalaureate</a> exams have also been cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-661" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-661">[658]</a></sup> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Placement" title="Advanced Placement">Advanced Placement</a> Exams, <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> administrations, and <a href="/wiki/ACT_(nonprofit_organization)" title="ACT (nonprofit organization)">ACT</a> administrations have been moved online and cancelled.
</p><p>School closures impact not only students, teachers, and families.<sup id="cite_ref-Bao_2020_662-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bao_2020-662">[659]</a></sup> but have far-reaching economic and societal consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO-consequences_663-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-consequences-663">[660]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany-economic-impacts_664-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-economic-impacts-664">[661]</a></sup> School closures in response to the pandemic have shed light on various <a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">economic issues</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Student_debt" title="Student debt">student debt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-665" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-665">[662]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Digital_learning" title="Digital learning">digital learning</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-666" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-666">[663]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-667" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-667">[664]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food insecurity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-668" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-668">[665]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-669" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-669">[666]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-670" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-670">[667]</a></sup> as well as access to <a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">childcare</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-671" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-671">[668]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-672" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-672">[669]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Housing" title="Housing">housing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-673" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-673">[670]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-674" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-674">[671]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Disability_rights_movement" title="Disability rights movement">disability services</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-675" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-675">[672]</a></sup> The impact was more severe for disadvantaged children and their families, causing interrupted learning, compromised nutrition, childcare problems, and consequent economic cost to families who could not work.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO2020_676-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO2020-676">[673]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-677" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-677">[674]</a></sup>
</p>
In response to school closures, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> recommended the use of <a href="/wiki/Distance_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance learning">distance learning</a> programmes and <a href="/wiki/Open_educational_resources" title="Open educational resources">open educational applications</a> and platforms that schools and teachers can use to reach learners remotely and limit the disruption of education.<sup id="cite_ref-678" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-678">[675]</a></sup></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_health_issues">Other health issues</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues</a></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">pandemic</a> has had many impacts on global health beyond those caused by the COVID-19 disease itself. It has led to a reduction in hospital visits for other reasons. There have been 38 per cent fewer hospital visits for <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> symptoms in the United States and 40 per cent fewer in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-679" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-679">[676]</a></sup> The head of cardiology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona">University of Arizona</a> said, "My worry is some of these people are dying at home because they're too scared to go to the hospital."<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_680-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-680">[677]</a></sup> There is also concern that people with <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">strokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">appendicitis</a> are not seeking timely treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23_680-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Stat_News,_with_serious_heart_symptoms_away,_April_23-680">[677]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a> of medical supplies have impacted people with various conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages_681-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Atlantic_Shortages-681">[678]</a></sup>
</p><p>In several countries there has been a marked reduction of spread of <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection" title="Sexually transmitted infection">sexually transmitted infections</a>, including <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, attributable to COVID-19 quarantines, social distancing measures, and recommendations to not engage in casual sex.<sup id="cite_ref-682" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-682">[679]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-683" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-683">[680]</a></sup> Similarly, in some places, rates of transmission of <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> and other respiratory viruses significantly decreased during the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-684" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-684">[681]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-685" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-685">[682]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-686" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-686">[683]</a></sup>
</p>
The pandemic has also <a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">negatively impacted mental health</a> globally, including increased <a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">loneliness</a> resulting from social distancing.<sup id="cite_ref-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020_687-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues_Brooks26Feb2020-687">[684]</a></sup></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environment_and_climate">Environment and climate</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment</a></div>
<div class="excerpt"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Impact of coronavirus outbreak on environmental issues</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/330px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="273" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/495px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png/660px-Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="595" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pollutant_Drops_in_wuhan_china_due_to_virus.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Images from the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Earth_Observatory" title="NASA Earth Observatory">NASA Earth Observatory</a> show a stark drop in pollution in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, when comparing <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide" title="Nitrogen dioxide">NO<sub>2</sub></a> levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).<sup id="cite_ref-688" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-688">[685]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The worldwide disruption caused by the pandemic has resulted in numerous impacts on the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>. The considerable <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Transportation" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">decline in planned travel</a><sup id="cite_ref-bbcOverview1_689-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcOverview1-689">[686]</a></sup> has caused many regions to experience a large drop in <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a>. In China, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_Hubei" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 lockdown in Hubei">lockdowns</a> and other measures resulted in a 25<span class="nowrap"> </span>per cent reduction in <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">carbon emissions</a><sup id="cite_ref-DIm4R_690-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIm4R-690">[687]</a></sup> and<span class="nowrap"> </span>50 per cent reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions,<sup id="cite_ref-mdpi_691-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdpi-691">[688]</a></sup> which one <a href="/wiki/Earth_system_science" title="Earth system science">Earth systems</a> scientist estimated may have saved at least 77,000 lives over two months.<sup id="cite_ref-GFEED_692-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFEED-692">[689]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mcmahon_693-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcmahon-693">[690]</a></sup> Other positive impacts on the environment include <a href="/wiki/Governance" title="Governance">governance</a>-system-controlled investments towards a <a href="/wiki/Energy_transition" title="Energy transition">sustainable energy transition</a> and other goals related to environmental protection such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s seven-year €1 trillion budget proposal and €750 billion recovery plan "<a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_EU" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Generation EU">Next Generation EU</a>" which seeks to reserve 25% of EU spending for climate-friendly expenditure.<sup id="cite_ref-694" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-694">[691]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-695" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-695">[692]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-696" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-696">[693]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, the outbreak has also provided cover for illegal activities such as <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation of the Amazon rainforest</a><sup id="cite_ref-Amazon1_697-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon1-697">[694]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amazon2_698-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amazon2-698">[695]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> in Africa,<sup id="cite_ref-Poaching1_699-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching1-699">[696]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poaching2_700-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poaching2-700">[697]</a></sup> hindered <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy" title="Environmental policy">environmental diplomacy</a> efforts,<sup id="cite_ref-UN_701-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN-701">[698]</a></sup> and created <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus recession">economic fallout</a> that some predict will slow investment in <a href="/wiki/Green_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Green energy">green energy</a> technologies.<sup id="cite_ref-9mMFi_702-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9mMFi-702">[699]</a></sup>
</p>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Xenophobia_and_racism">Xenophobia and racism</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
<p>Since the start of the outbreak, heightened prejudice, xenophobia, and racism have been documented around the world toward people of Chinese and East Asian descent.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-251_703-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-251-703">[700]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zogcf_704-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zogcf-704">[701]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8BY2Y_705-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8BY2Y-705">[702]</a></sup> Reports from February (when most cases were confined to China) documented racist sentiments expressed in groups worldwide about Chinese people deserving the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-bangkokpost1854094_706-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bangkokpost1854094-706">[703]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-psychologytoday202002_707-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psychologytoday202002-707">[704]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200201telegraph_708-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200201telegraph-708">[705]</a></sup> Chinese people and other Asians in the United Kingdom and United States have reported increasing levels of racist abuse and assaults.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Racism_709-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Racism-709">[706]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-05O7n_710-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-05O7n-710">[707]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_April_Racism_711-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_April_Racism-711">[708]</a></sup> U.S. president Donald Trump has been criticised for referring to the coronavirus as the "Chinese Virus" and "Kung Flu", which critics say is racist and anti-Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-trumpnyt_712-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trumpnyt-712">[709]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200320BI_713-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200320BI-713">[710]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-714" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-714">[711]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following the progression of the outbreak to new hotspot countries, people from Italy (the first country in Europe to experience <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">a serious outbreak of COVID-19</a>) were also subjected to suspicion and xenophobia,<sup id="cite_ref-iOyUQ_715-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iOyUQ-715">[712]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FFsxo_716-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FFsxo-716">[713]</a></sup> as were people from hotspots in other countries. Discrimination against <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Muslims in India</a> escalated after public health authorities identified an Islamic missionary (<a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a>) group's gathering in New Delhi in early March 2020 as a source of spread.<sup id="cite_ref-20200409slate_717-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200409slate-717">[714]</a></sup> Paris has seen riots break out over police <a href="/wiki/Social_situation_in_the_French_suburbs" title="Social situation in the French suburbs">treatment of ethnic minorities</a> during the coronavirus lockdown.<sup id="cite_ref-france2420200421_718-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-france2420200421-718">[715]</a></sup> Racism and xenophobia towards <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_ethnic_groups" title="South Asian ethnic groups">South Asians</a> and Southeast Asians increased in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Arab states of the Persian Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20200512hrw_719-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200512hrw-719">[716]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20200417trtworld_720-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200417trtworld-720">[717]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-721" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-721">[718]</a></sup> South Korea's <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Korea" title="LGBT rights in South Korea">LGBTQ community</a> was blamed by some for the spread of COVID-19 in Seoul.<sup id="cite_ref-20200513hrw_722-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200513hrw-722">[719]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indianexpress6415370_723-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indianexpress6415370-723">[720]</a></sup>
</p><p>In China, xenophobia and racism against non-Chinese residents has been inflamed by the pandemic; a comic posted on Weibo described foreigners as "foreign garbage" targeted for "disposal".<sup id="cite_ref-abc12128224_724-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc12128224-724">[721]</a></sup> Some black people were evicted from their homes by police and told to leave China within 24 hours, due to disinformation that they and other foreigners were spreading the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-qz1836510_725-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qz1836510-725">[722]</a></sup> Other harassment, discrimination and evictions of <a href="/wiki/Africans_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Africans in China">Africans in China</a> were alleged.<sup id="cite_ref-20200416latimes_726-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200416latimes-726">[723]</a></sup> This racism and xenophobia was criticised by foreign governments and diplomatic corps and the Chinese ambassador to Zimbabwe.<sup id="cite_ref-727" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-727">[724]</a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> branch in Guangzhou barring blacks sparked anger in China and overseas, and McDonald's closed the location.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc52274326_728-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc52274326-728">[725]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Information_dissemination">Information dissemination</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="COVID-19 pandemic on social media">COVID-19 pandemic on social media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism</a></div>
<p>Ongoing COVID-19 research is indexed and searchable in the <a href="/wiki/NIH" class="mw-redirect" title="NIH">NIH</a> COVID-19 Portfolio<sup id="cite_ref-729" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-729">[726]</a></sup>. Some newspaper agencies removed their online <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="Paywall">paywalls</a> for some or all of their coronavirus-related articles and posts,<sup id="cite_ref-Paywalls_730-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paywalls-730">[727]</a></sup> while scientific publishers made scientific papers related to the outbreak available with <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-255_731-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-255-731">[728]</a></sup> Some scientists chose to share their results quickly on <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a> servers such as <a href="/wiki/BioRxiv" title="BioRxiv">bioRxiv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AutoDW-256_732-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AutoDW-256-732">[729]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Misinformation"><span id="Disinformation"></span> Misinformation</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div>
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codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="569904" data-framerate="30"/><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3APresident_Donald_Trump_suggests_measures_to_treat_COVID-19_during_Coronavirus_Task_Force_press_briefing.webm&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=srt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/x-srt" srclang="en" label="English (en) subtitles" data-dir="ltr"/></video></div>"><img alt="File:President Donald Trump suggests measures to treat COVID-19 during Coronavirus Task Force press briefing.webm" style="width:300px;height:169px" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/President_Donald_Trump_suggests_measures_to_treat_COVID-19_during_Coronavirus_Task_Force_press_briefing.webm/300px-seek%3D59-President_Donald_Trump_suggests_measures_to_treat_COVID-19_during_Coronavirus_Task_Force_press_briefing.webm.jpg" /><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/President_Donald_Trump_suggests_measures_to_treat_COVID-19_during_Coronavirus_Task_Force_press_briefing.webm" title="Play media" target="new"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_suggests_measures_to_treat_COVID-19_during_Coronavirus_Task_Force_press_briefing.webm" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> suggested at a press briefing on 23<span class="nowrap"> </span>April that <a href="/wiki/Disinfectant" title="Disinfectant">disinfectant</a> injections or exposure to <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultraviolet light">ultraviolet light</a> might help treat COVID-19. There is no evidence that either could be a viable method.<sup id="cite_ref-20200424nytimes_733-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200424nytimes-733">[730]</a></sup> <small>(1:05<span class="nowrap"> </span>min)</small></div></div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r952607947"/><div class="excerpt">
<p>The pandemic has resulted in <a href="/wiki/Misinformation" title="Misinformation">misinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a> about the scale of the pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">the disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_bbc_misinfo_734-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_bbc_misinfo-734">[731]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy_735-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy-735">[732]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_RunningList_736-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_RunningList-736">[733]</a></sup> False information, including intentional <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a>, has been <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media#Misinformation" title="COVID-19 pandemic on social media">spread through social media</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy_735-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy-735">[732]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200124factcheckA_737-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200124factcheckA-737">[734]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messaging</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_FTTextMsg_738-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_FTTextMsg-738">[735]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">mass media</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_fp_0414conspiracy_739-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_fp_0414conspiracy-739">[736]</a></sup> including the <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid media</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-740" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-740">[737]</a></sup> conservative media,<sup id="cite_ref-741" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-741">[738]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-742" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-742">[739]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/State_media" title="State media">state media</a> of countries such as China,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200312theguardian_743-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200312theguardian-743">[740]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-744" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-744">[741]</a></sup> Russia,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_scmp3051939_745-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_scmp3051939-745">[742]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_galeotti_746-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_galeotti-746">[743]</a></sup> Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_presstv_747-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_presstv-747">[744]</a></sup> and Turkmenistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy_735-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy-735">[732]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_:5_748-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_:5-748">[745]</a></sup> It has also been reportedly spread by covert operations backed by states such as Saudi Arabia, Russia and China to generate panic and sow distrust in other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_rankin_749-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_rankin-749">[746]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-750" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-750">[747]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_iran_disinformation_751-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_iran_disinformation-751">[748]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_russian_disinformation_752-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_russian_disinformation-752">[749]</a></sup> In some countries, such as India,<sup id="cite_ref-753" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-753">[750]</a></sup> Bangladesh,<sup id="cite_ref-754" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-754">[751]</a></sup> and Ethiopia,<sup id="cite_ref-755" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-755">[752]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalists</a> have been arrested for allegedly spreading <a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">fake news</a> about the pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_theconversation.com_756-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_theconversation.com-756">[753]</a></sup>
</p><p>Misinformation has been propagated by celebrities, politicians<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_obrador=coronavirus_757-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_obrador=coronavirus-757">[754]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-758" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-758">[755]</a></sup> (including <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">heads of state</a> in countries such as the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-759" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-759">[756]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-760" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-760">[757]</a></sup> Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_france2420200322_761-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_france2420200322-761">[758]</a></sup> and Brazil<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_bolsonaro_762-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_bolsonaro-762">[759]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-763" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-763">[760]</a></sup>), and other prominent public figures.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200408theguardian_764-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200408theguardian-764">[761]</a></sup> Commercial <a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" title="Confidence trick">scams</a> have claimed to offer <a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">at-home tests, supposed preventives, and "miracle" cures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Beware_765-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Beware-765">[762]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_alex_jones_766-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_alex_jones-766">[763]</a></sup> Several religious groups have claimed their faith will protect them from the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-767" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-767">[764]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_madagascar_768-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_madagascar-768">[765]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_pakistan_tablighi_769-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_pakistan_tablighi-769">[766]</a></sup> Some people have claimed the virus is a <a href="/wiki/Bioweapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioweapon">bioweapon</a> accidentally or purposefully leaked from a laboratory,<sup id="cite_ref-770" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-770">[767]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-771" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-771">[768]</a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Human_population_planning" title="Human population planning">population control</a> scheme, the result of a <a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">spy operation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_RunningList_736-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_RunningList-736">[733]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200124factcheckA_737-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_20200124factcheckA-737">[734]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_vox_misinfo_772-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_vox_misinfo-772">[769]</a></sup> or the side effect of <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> upgrades to cellular networks.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_bbc-5g_773-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_bbc-5g-773">[770]</a></sup>
</p>
The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> has declared an "infodemic" of incorrect information about the virus, which poses risks to global health.<sup id="cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy_735-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_Lowy-735">[732]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_infectious_disease" title="Emerging infectious disease">Emerging infectious disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Globalisation_and_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation and disease">Globalisation and disease</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics_and_pandemics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of epidemics and pandemics">List of epidemics and pandemics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul>
<div class="noprint metadata" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 1.7em 0.1em;font-size:88%;text-align:center"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_(Wikimedia_colors).svg" class="image"><img alt="SARS-CoV-2 (Wikimedia colors).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/21px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/32px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/42px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="666" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Portal:Coronavirus disease 2019">Coronavirus disease 2019 portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_Americas.svg" class="image"><img alt="Ambox globe Americas.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/21px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/32px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Ambox_globe_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_globe_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:WHO_Rod.svg" class="image"><img alt="WHO Rod.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/9px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="21" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/13px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/18px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine portal</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png" class="image"><img alt="Sida-aids.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/21px-Sida-aids.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/32px-Sida-aids.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/42px-Sida-aids.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Viruses" title="Portal:Viruses">Viruses portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-fn1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In summary, this article is about the coronavirus <i>pandemic</i>, which is caused by the <i>disease</i> COVID‑19, which is caused by the <i>virus</i> SARS‑CoV‑2.<sup id="cite_ref-WHO_name_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO_name-1">[1]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The term of art used by epidemiologists is "close contact" which is defined as less than one metre (~3.3 feet) by the WHO<sup id="cite_ref-WHO2020QA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHO2020QA-10">[9]</a></sup> and within ~1.8 metres (six feet) by the US <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC).<sup id="cite_ref-CDCTrans_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCTrans-11">[10]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An uncovered cough can travel up to 8.2 metres (27 feet).<sup id="cite_ref-Bourouiba,_JAMA,_26_March_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bourouiba,_JAMA,_26_March-13">[11]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-third-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-third_319-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKulkarni2020" class="citation web cs1">Kulkarni, Sagar (5 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/india-becomes-third-worst-affected-country-by-coronavirus-overtakes-russia-857442.html">"India becomes third worst affected country by coronavirus, overtakes Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a></i>. New Delhi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=India+becomes+third+worst+affected+country+by+coronavirus%2C+overtakes+Russia&rft.date=2020-07-05&rft.aulast=Kulkarni&rft.aufirst=Sagar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fnational%2Findia-becomes-third-worst-affected-country-by-coronavirus-overtakes-russia-857442.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-518"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-518">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/06/1065272">"Address 'appalling impact' of COVID-19 on minorities, UN rights chief urges"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 2 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Address+%27appalling+impact%27+of+COVID-19+on+minorities%2C+UN+rights+chief+urges&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2F1065272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:52-519"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:52_519-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/audio/2020/03/1058661">"Coronavirus COVID-19: don't panic, says top UN economist"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 4 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+COVID-19%3A+don%27t+panic%2C+says+top+UN+economist&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Faudio%2F2020%2F03%2F1058661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-520"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-520">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/06/1067052">"COVID-19: Recovery will be slower following 'crisis like no other', IMF predicts"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 24 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=COVID-19%3A+Recovery+will+be+slower+following+%27crisis+like+no+other%27%2C+IMF+predicts&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2F1067052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-521"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-521">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/06/1065902">"Coronavirus: World Bank confirms deepest recession since World War Two"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 8 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+World+Bank+confirms+deepest+recession+since+World+War+Two&rft.date=2020-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2F1065902&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-522"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-522">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/06/1067132">"UN tallies action so far to fight COVID-19, and roadmap out of the pandemic"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 25 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=UN+tallies+action+so+far+to+fight+COVID-19%2C+and+roadmap+out+of+the+pandemic&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2F1067132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:22-523"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:22_523-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crisisgroup.org/global/global-ceasefire-call-deserves-un-security-councils-full-support">"Global Ceasefire Call Deserves UN Security Council's Full Support"</a>. <i>Crisis Group</i>. 9 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Crisis+Group&rft.atitle=Global+Ceasefire+Call+Deserves+UN+Security+Council%27s+Full+Support&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fglobal%2Fglobal-ceasefire-call-deserves-un-security-councils-full-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Time-Taiwan-note-524"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time-Taiwan-note_524-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As per the letter to WHO publicly released in April, Taiwan did not formally warn the WHO, it merely suspected and took domestic regulations. The letter was asking for further details.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Time-Taiwan-525"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Time-Taiwan_525-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWatt2020" class="citation web cs1">Watt, Louise (19 May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5826025/taiwan-who-trump-coronavirus-covid19/">"Taiwan Says It Tried to Warn the World About Coronavirus. Here's What It Really Knew and When"</a>. <i>Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+Says+It+Tried+to+Warn+the+World+About+Coronavirus.+Here%27s+What+It+Really+Knew+and+When&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5826025%2Ftaiwan-who-trump-coronavirus-covid19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-autoCP-526"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autoCP_526-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGabriel_Crossley,_Alison_Williams2020" class="citation news cs1">Gabriel Crossley, Alison Williams (23 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-who-idUSKBN1ZM1G9">"Wuhan lockdown 'unprecedented', shows commitment to contain virus: WHO representative in China"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124203401/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-who-idUSKBN1ZM1G9">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wuhan+lockdown+%27unprecedented%27%2C+shows+commitment+to+contain+virus%3A+WHO+representative+in+China&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft.au=Gabriel+Crossley%2C+Alison+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-health-who-idUSKBN1ZM1G9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Guardian-WHO2-528"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-WHO2_528-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBeaumontBorger2020" class="citation web cs1">Beaumont P, Borger J (9 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/09/who-cited-human-transmission-risk-in-january-despite-trump-claims">"WHO warned of transmission risk in January, despite Trump claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=WHO+warned+of+transmission+risk+in+January%2C+despite+Trump+claims&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Borger%2C+Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fapr%2F09%2Fwho-cited-human-transmission-risk-in-january-despite-trump-claims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-529"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-529">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/csr/don/14-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-thailand-ex-china/en/">"Novel Coronavirus—Thailand (ex-China)"</a>. <i>World Health Organization</i>. 14 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Novel+Coronavirus%E2%80%94Thailand+%28ex-China%29&rft.date=2020-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fcsr%2Fdon%2F14-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-thailand-ex-china%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-KesslerApril17-530"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KesslerApril17_530-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKessler2020" class="citation news cs1">Kessler, Glenn (17 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200417193804/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/17/trumps-false-claim-that-who-said-coronavirus-was-not-communicable/">"Trump's false claim that the WHO said the coronavirus was 'not communicable<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/17/trumps-false-claim-that-who-said-coronavirus-was-not-communicable/">the original</a> on 17 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+false+claim+that+the+WHO+said+the+coronavirus+was+%27not+communicable%27&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F04%2F17%2Ftrumps-false-claim-that-who-said-coronavirus-was-not-communicable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-AFPhigh-531"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFPhigh_531-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2020/01/27/who-says-global-risk-of-china-virus-is-039high039">"WHO says global risk of China virus is 'high<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 27 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=WHO+says+global+risk+of+China+virus+is+%27high%27&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2020%2F01%2F27%2Fwho-says-global-risk-of-china-virus-is-039high039&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WHODeclaration-533"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHODeclaration_533-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51318246">"Coronavirus declared global health emergency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 31 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200213214801/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51318246">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+declared+global+health+emergency&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-51318246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-HFdq4-584"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HFdq4_584-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAl_OmranKerr2020" class="citation news cs1">Al Omran A, Kerr S (27 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b57610e4-5926-11ea-abe5-8e03987b7b20">"Saudi Arabia bans Mecca pilgrimages over coronavirus fears"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Saudi+Arabia+bans+Mecca+pilgrimages+over+coronavirus+fears&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft.aulast=Al+Omran&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Simeon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb57610e4-5926-11ea-abe5-8e03987b7b20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-V8C1i-585"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-V8C1i_585-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/coronavirus-saudi-arabia-bans-umrah-pilgrimage-residents-and-citizens">"Coronavirus: Saudi Arabia bans all Umrah pilgrimage to Mecca"</a>. <i>Middle East Eyes</i>. 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eyes&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Saudi+Arabia+bans+all+Umrah+pilgrimage+to+Mecca&rft.date=2020-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus-saudi-arabia-bans-umrah-pilgrimage-residents-and-citizens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8med7-586"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8med7_586-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/news/newsid=2641054.html">"All of next week's UEFA matches postponed"</a>. UEFA. 13 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+of+next+week%27s+UEFA+matches+postponed&rft.pub=UEFA&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Finsideuefa%2Fnews%2Fnewsid%3D2641054.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-sSb4h-587"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sSb4h_587-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards,_Harry2020" class="citation web cs1">Edwards, Harry (13 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.squawka.com/en/premier-league-suspended-coronavirus-liverpool-title/">"Premier League 2019/20 season suspended after coronavirus cases at Chelsea, Arsenal and more"</a>. <i>squawka.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=squawka.com&rft.atitle=Premier+League+2019%2F20+season+suspended+after+coronavirus+cases+at+Chelsea%2C+Arsenal+and+more&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.squawka.com%2Fen%2Fpremier-league-suspended-coronavirus-liverpool-title%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-HY7m9-588"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HY7m9_588-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCloseJackson" class="citation news cs1">Close D, Jackson A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/us/nba-season-suspended-spt-trnd/index.html">"NBA suspends its season after player tests positive for coronavirus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN.com">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312100641/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/us/nba-season-suspended-spt-trnd/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NBA+suspends+its+season+after+player+tests+positive+for+coronavirus&rft.aulast=Close&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F11%2Fus%2Fnba-season-suspended-spt-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-rixzT-589"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rixzT_589-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-coronavirus-status/c-316155530">"NHL statement on coronavirus"</a>. National Hockey League. 12 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314025848/https://www.nhl.com/news/nhl-coronavirus-status/c-316155530">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NHL+statement+on+coronavirus&rft.pub=National+Hockey+League&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fnews%2Fnhl-coronavirus-status%2Fc-316155530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-fqsQg-590"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fqsQg_590-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/52020134">"Tokyo 2020: Olympic Games organisers 'agree postponement<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. 24 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Tokyo+2020%3A+Olympic+Games+organisers+%27agree+postponement%27&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Folympics%2F52020134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Postponement-591"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Postponement_591-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCurry,_JustinIngle,_Sean2020" class="citation news cs1">McCurry, Justin; Ingle, Sean (24 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/mar/24/tokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic">"Tokyo Olympics postponed to 2021 due to coronavirus pandemic"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tokyo+Olympics+postponed+to+2021+due+to+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.au=McCurry%2C+Justin&rft.au=Ingle%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2020%2Fmar%2F24%2Ftokyo-olympics-to-be-postponed-to-2021-due-to-coronavirus-pandemic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-IOC_2021_Dates-592"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IOC_2021_Dates_592-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-ipc-tokyo-2020-organising-committee-and-tokyo-metropolitan-government-announce-new-dates-for-the-olympic-and-paralympic-games-tokyo-2020">"IOC, IPC, Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee and Tokyo Metropolitan Government Announce New Dates for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020"</a>. <i>olympic.org</i>. 30 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330121555/https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-ipc-tokyo-2020-organising-committee-and-tokyo-metropolitan-government-announce-new-dates-for-the-olympic-and-paralympic-games-tokyo-2020">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=olympic.org&rft.atitle=IOC%2C+IPC%2C+Tokyo+2020+Organising+Committee+and+Tokyo+Metropolitan+Government+Announce+New+Dates+for+the+Olympic+and+Paralympic+Games+Tokyo+2020&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fnews%2Fioc-ipc-tokyo-2020-organising-committee-and-tokyo-metropolitan-government-announce-new-dates-for-the-olympic-and-paralympic-games-tokyo-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-qpQAN-593"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-qpQAN_593-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/culture/2020/3/10/21173376/coronavirus-cancel-broadway-disneyland-mulan-new-mutants-sxsw-hanks-fast-furious">"How the coronavirus outbreak is roiling the film and entertainment industries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. 13 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=How+the+coronavirus+outbreak+is+roiling+the+film+and+entertainment+industries&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fculture%2F2020%2F3%2F10%2F21173376%2Fcoronavirus-cancel-broadway-disneyland-mulan-new-mutants-sxsw-hanks-fast-furious&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3qWDp-594"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3qWDp_594-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/31817b854e28b48fe64844478a3f1889">"Coronavirus brings entertainment world to a standstill"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 13 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+brings+entertainment+world+to+a+standstill&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F31817b854e28b48fe64844478a3f1889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bbc51870325-595"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc51870325_595-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2020" class="citation news cs1">Savage, Mark (18 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51870325">"Eurovision Song Contest cancelled over coronavirus"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest+cancelled+over+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-51870325&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-596"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-596">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-song-contest-to-return-to-rotterdam-in-2021">"Rotterdam returns as Eurovision Song Contest Host City in 2021"</a>. European Broadcasting Union. 16 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotterdam+returns+as+Eurovision+Song+Contest+Host+City+in+2021&rft.pub=European+Broadcasting+Union&rft.date=2020-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Feurovision-song-contest-to-return-to-rotterdam-in-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-XfQuW-597"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-XfQuW_597-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/12/health/broadway-coronavirus-update/index.html">"Broadway theaters to suspend all performances because of coronavirus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN.com" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN.com">CNN</a>. 12 March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313211533/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/12/health/broadway-coronavirus-update/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Broadway+theaters+to+suspend+all+performances+because+of+coronavirus&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F12%2Fhealth%2Fbroadway-coronavirus-update%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SZ5Mc-598"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SZ5Mc_598-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFadroski2020" class="citation web cs1">Fadroski KS (15 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailybreeze.com/2020/03/15/coronavirus-canceled-their-concerts-so-artists-like-yungblud-are-looking-to-live-stream-shows-to-fans/">"Coronavirus canceled their concerts, so artists like Yungblud are looking to live stream shows to fans"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Breeze" title="Daily Breeze">Daily Breeze</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Breeze&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+canceled+their+concerts%2C+so+artists+like+Yungblud+are+looking+to+live+stream+shows+to+fans&rft.date=2020-03-15&rft.aulast=Fadroski&rft.aufirst=Kelli+Skye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailybreeze.com%2F2020%2F03%2F15%2Fcoronavirus-canceled-their-concerts-so-artists-like-yungblud-are-looking-to-live-stream-shows-to-fans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200319reuters-637"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200319reuters_637-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-nato/nato-scales-down-exercises-due-to-coronavirus-idUSKBN21627V">"NATO scales down exercises due to coronavirus"</a>. Reuters. 19 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=NATO+scales+down+exercises+due+to+coronavirus&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-health-coronavirus-nato%2Fnato-scales-down-exercises-due-to-coronavirus-idUSKBN21627V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200318morningstaronline-638"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200318morningstaronline_638-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/b/nato-must-end-dangerous-and-irresponsible-military-exercise-on-russias-border-campaigners-say">"Nato must end 'dangerous and irresponsible' military exercise on Russia's border, campaigners say"</a>. <i>Morning Star</i>. 18 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morning+Star&rft.atitle=Nato+must+end+%27dangerous+and+irresponsible%27+military+exercise+on+Russia%27s+border%2C+campaigners+say&rft.date=2020-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorningstaronline.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fb%2Fnato-must-end-dangerous-and-irresponsible-military-exercise-on-russias-border-campaigners-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nmEQ5-639"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nmEQ5_639-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/03/will-irans-regime-survive-coronavirus/">"Will Iran's Regime Survive Coronavirus?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></i>. 12 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=Will+Iran%27s+Regime+Survive+Coronavirus%3F&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2F2020%2F03%2Fwill-irans-regime-survive-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-u2rRX-640"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-u2rRX_640-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-iran/us-sanctions-severely-hamper-iran-coronavirus-fight-rouhani-idUSKBN2110HL">"U.S. sanctions 'severely hamper' Iran coronavirus fight, Rouhani says"</a>. Reuters. 14 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+sanctions+%27severely+hamper%27+Iran+coronavirus+fight%2C+Rouhani+says&rft.date=2020-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-health-coronavirus-iran%2Fus-sanctions-severely-hamper-iran-coronavirus-fight-rouhani-idUSKBN2110HL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200409foreignpolicy-641"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200409foreignpolicy_641-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/09/coronavirus-pandemic-forces-cease-fire-yemen-humanitarian-crisis-saudi-arabia-houthis/">"Coronavirus Pandemic Forces a Cease-Fire in Yemen"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy</i>. 9 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+Pandemic+Forces+a+Cease-Fire+in+Yemen&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F04%2F09%2Fcoronavirus-pandemic-forces-cease-fire-yemen-humanitarian-crisis-saudi-arabia-houthis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-z8lBE-642"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-z8lBE_642-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/12/japan-and-korea-wont-let-a-pandemic-stop-them-fighting/">"Japan and Korea Won't Let A Pandemic Stop Them Fighting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a></i>. 12 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Japan+and+Korea+Won%27t+Let+A+Pandemic+Stop+Them+Fighting&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F03%2F12%2Fjapan-and-korea-wont-let-a-pandemic-stop-them-fighting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-HnqN4-643"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HnqN4_643-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/06/coronavirus-quarantine-plans-ignite-row-between-south-korea-and-japan">"Coronavirus quarantine plans ignite row between South Korea and Japan"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 6 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+quarantine+plans+ignite+row+between+South+Korea+and+Japan&rft.date=2020-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fmar%2F06%2Fcoronavirus-quarantine-plans-ignite-row-between-south-korea-and-japan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200331theguardian-644"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200331theguardian_644-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/31/coronavirus-is-a-chance-for-authoritarian-leaders-to-tighten-their-grip">"Authoritarian leaders may use Covid-19 crisis to tighten their grip"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 31 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Authoritarian+leaders+may+use+Covid-19+crisis+to+tighten+their+grip&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fmar%2F31%2Fcoronavirus-is-a-chance-for-authoritarian-leaders-to-tighten-their-grip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200330nytimes-645"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200330nytimes_645-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/world/europe/coronavirus-governments-power.html">"For Autocrats, and Others, Coronavirus Is a Chance to Grab Even More Power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 30 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+Autocrats%2C+and+Others%2C+Coronavirus+Is+a+Chance+to+Grab+Even+More+Power&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F30%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fcoronavirus-governments-power.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-abcnews-censorship-646"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_646-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abcnews-censorship_646-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/coronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977">"Some leaders use pandemic to sharpen tools against critics"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 16 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Some+leaders+use+pandemic+to+sharpen+tools+against+critics&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Fcoronavirus-crisis-excuses-curbs-free-speech-70177977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200330cnn-647"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200330cnn_647-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/30/europe/hungary-viktor-orban-powers-vote-intl/index.html">"Hungarian parliament votes to let Viktor Orban rule by decree in wake of coronavirus pandemic"</a>. CNN. 30 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hungarian+parliament+votes+to+let+Viktor+Orban+rule+by+decree+in+wake+of+coronavirus+pandemic&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F03%2F30%2Feurope%2Fhungary-viktor-orban-powers-vote-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-dw53009293-648"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dw53009293_648-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/reporting-on-the-coronavirus-egypt-muzzles-critical-journalists/a-53009293">"Reporting on the coronavirus: Egypt muzzles critical journalists"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 3 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reporting+on+the+coronavirus%3A+Egypt+muzzles+critical+journalists&rft.date=2020-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Freporting-on-the-coronavirus-egypt-muzzles-critical-journalists%2Fa-53009293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200401foreignpolicy-649"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200401foreignpolicy_649-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom/">"Coronavirus Has Started a Censorship Pandemic"</a>. <i>The Foreign Policy</i>. 1 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+Has+Started+a+Censorship+Pandemic&rft.date=2020-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F04%2F01%2Fcoronavirus-censorship-pandemic-disinformation-fake-news-speech-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200410straitstimes-650"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200410straitstimes_650-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/coronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news">"Asia cracks down on coronavirus 'fake news<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>The Straits Times</i>. 10 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Asia+cracks+down+on+coronavirus+%27fake+news%27&rft.date=2020-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fasia%2Fcoronavirus-asia-cracks-down-on-virus-fake-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:4-651"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_651-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_651-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFcorrespondent2020" class="citation news cs1">correspondent, Fiona Harvey Environment (21 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/apr/21/coronavirus-pandemic-will-cause-famine-of-biblical-proportions">"Coronavirus pandemic 'will cause famine of biblical proportions<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+pandemic+%27will+cause+famine+of+biblical+proportions%27&rft.date=2020-04-21&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=correspondent&rft.aufirst=Fiona+Harvey+Environment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2020%2Fapr%2F21%2Fcoronavirus-pandemic-will-cause-famine-of-biblical-proportions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Poaching2-700"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Poaching2_700-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/24/coronavirus-poachers-kill-more-animals-as-tourism-to-africa-plummets.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Filthy bloody business:' Poachers kill more animals as coronavirus crushes tourism to Africa"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=%27Filthy+bloody+business%3A%27+Poachers+kill+more+animals+as+coronavirus+crushes+tourism+to+Africa&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F04%2F24%2Fcoronavirus-poachers-kill-more-animals-as-tourism-to-africa-plummets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-AutoDW-251-703"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AutoDW-251_703-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2020" class="citation web cs1">Burton N (7 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2020/2/7/21126758/coronavirus-xenophobia-racism-china-asians">"The coronavirus exposes the history of racism and "cleanliness<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207211942/https://www.vox.com/2020/2/7/21126758/coronavirus-xenophobia-racism-china-asians">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+coronavirus+exposes+the+history+of+racism+and+%22cleanliness%22&rft.date=2020-02-07&rft.aulast=Burton&rft.aufirst=Nylah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2020%2F2%2F7%2F21126758%2Fcoronavirus-xenophobia-racism-china-asians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-zogcf-704"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zogcf_704-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/world/2020/02/683_282767.html">"Fears of new virus trigger anti-China sentiment worldwide"</a>. <i>The Korea Times</i>. 2 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Korea+Times&rft.atitle=Fears+of+new+virus+trigger+anti-China+sentiment+worldwide&rft.date=2020-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koreatimes.co.kr%2Fwww%2Fworld%2F2020%2F02%2F683_282767.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-763"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-763">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/brazil-bolsonaro-fake-news-coronavirus/2020/06/03/60194428-a4de-11ea-898e-b21b9a83f792_story.html">"An investigation into fake news targets Brazil's Bolsonaros, and critics fear a constitutional crisis"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. 3 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=An+investigation+into+fake+news+targets+Brazil%E2%80%99s+Bolsonaros%2C+and+critics+fear+a+constitutional+crisis&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe_americas%2Fbrazil-bolsonaro-fake-news-coronavirus%2F2020%2F06%2F03%2F60194428-a4de-11ea-898e-b21b9a83f792_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_vox_misinfo-772"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_vox_misinfo_772-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGhaffaryHeilweil2020" class="citation web cs1">Ghaffary S, Heilweil R (31 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/1/31/21115589/coronavirus-wuhan-china-myths-hoaxes-facebook-social-media-tiktok-twitter-wechat">"How tech companies are scrambling to deal with coronavirus hoaxes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208004124/https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/1/31/21115589/coronavirus-wuhan-china-myths-hoaxes-facebook-social-media-tiktok-twitter-wechat">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=How+tech+companies+are+scrambling+to+deal+with+coronavirus+hoaxes&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Ghaffary&rft.aufirst=Shirin&rft.au=Heilweil%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Frecode%2F2020%2F1%2F31%2F21115589%2Fcoronavirus-wuhan-china-myths-hoaxes-facebook-social-media-tiktok-twitter-wechat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACOVID-19+pandemic" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a profile for <a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/Q81068910" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/Q81068910"><b>COVID-19 pandemic <small>(Q81068910)</small></b></a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_agencies">Health agencies</span></h3>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses">Questions & Answers</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpi6ZahtOH5PLTT1yfXxcxDsNM40N1uG">instructional videos</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/coronavirus-disease-covid-19.html">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.nhc.gov.cn/antivirusfight.html">COVID-19</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Commission" title="National Health Commission">National Health Commission</a>, China</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers">Q&A</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moh.gov.sg/covid-19/faqs">Q&A</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health">Ministry of Health</a>, Singapore</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html">COVID-19</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/index.html">Q&A</a>) by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">Centers for Disease Control</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icite.od.nih.gov/covid19/search/">NIH COVID-19 Portfolio</a> by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/2019_ncov.html">Coronavirus Disease 2019</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/pdfs/2018-130.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2018130">Q&A</a>) by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health" title="National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Directories">Directories</span></h3>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Respiratory_Disorders/COVID-19/">COVID-19 Directory on Curlie</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openmd.com/directory/covid-19">COVID-19 Resource Directory on OpenMD</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Data_and_graphs">Data and graphs</span></h3>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/">Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://who.sprinklr.com/">map</a> by the World Health Organization</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/">Coronavirus Resource Center</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html">map</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19">historical data</a> by <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/download-todays-data-geographic-distribution-covid-19-cases-worldwide">Historical data about COVID-19 cases</a> published by the <a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Disease_Prevention_and_Control" title="European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control</a> (ECDC)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unwfp.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/42b8837bb25049b9b1f69a9555d55808">World Travel Restrictions</a> based on <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a> data</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covid.observer">Coronavirus Observer</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> data</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/">COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic</a> published by <a href="/wiki/Worldometers.info" class="mw-redirect" title="Worldometers.info">Worldometer</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus">Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Statistics and Research</a> published by <i><a href="/wiki/Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america">COVID-19 Projections</a> for many countries published by <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Health_Metrics_and_Evaluation" title="Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation">Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/covid19comparisongraphs/">Spreadsheets: Country comparisons</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/pandemicdata/">Spreadsheets: Historical data with additional computations</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gabgoh.github.io/COVID/index.html">Epidemic Calculator</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statnews.com/feature/coronavirus/covid-19-tracker/">Stat News COVID-19 Tracker</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Medical_journals">Medical journals</span></h3>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bmj.com/coronavirus">Coronavirus: News and Resources</a> by <a href="/wiki/BMJ_(company)" title="BMJ (company)">BMJ Publishing Group</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center">Novel Coronavirus Information Center</a> by <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" title="JAMA (journal)">JAMA</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus">COVID-19 Resource Centre</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/campaigns/coronavirus">SARS‑CoV‑2 and COVID-19</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/coronavirus">Coronavirus (COVID-19)</a> by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" title="The New England Journal of Medicine">The New England Journal of Medicine</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.plos.org/covid-19">COVID-19 pandemic (2019-20) Collection</a> by <a href="/wiki/PLOS" title="PLOS">PLOS</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://novel-coronavirus.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/">COVID-19: Novel Coronavirus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley Publishing</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="COVID-19_pandemic" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="COVID-19_pandemic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19 pandemic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_SARS-CoV-2_(virus)_*_COVID-19_(disease)">
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">SARS-CoV-2</a> (virus)</b></li>
<li><b><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">COVID-19</a> (disease)</b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic">Pre-pandemic</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimson_Contagion" title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Event_201" class="mw-redirect" title="Event 201">Event 201</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019">December</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2020
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria">Algeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Libya">Libya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan">Sudan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi">Burundi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya">Kenya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia">Somalia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland">Puntland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Angola">Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana">Botswana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi">Malawi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia">Namibia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia">Zambia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chad">Chad</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon">Gabon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Western</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana">Ghana</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea">Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia">Liberia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mali">Mali</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niger">Niger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal">Senegal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Togo">Togo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Central / <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Asia">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">East</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Macau">Macau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing">Beijing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Henan">Henan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">Hubei</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdown_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Hubei">lockdown</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet">Tibet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang"> Xinjiang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Maldives" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal">Nepal</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">Pakistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="India" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">economic impact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations by India related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India">lockdown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">migrant workers' crisis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Indian government response</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Namaste" title="Operation Namaste">Operation Namaste</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state government responses</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Assam">Assam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar">Bihar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_coronavirus_hotspot_in_Delhi" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat coronavirus hotspot in Delhi">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Goa">Goa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana">Haryana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">Kerala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur">Manipur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha">Odisha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana">Telangana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura">Tripura</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei">Brunei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_East_Timor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in East Timor">East Timor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">Indonesia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions" title="2020 Indonesia large-scale social restrictions">social restrictions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Laos">Laos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Malaysia_movement_control_order" title="2020 Malaysia movement control order">movement control order</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Johor">Johor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah">Sabah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor">Selangor</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures" title="2020 Singapore circuit breaker measures">circuit breaker response</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">Thailand</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nonthaburi_Province" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nonthaburi Province">Nonthaburi</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Philippines" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">community quarantines</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon" title="Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon">Luzon</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing_controversy_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 testing controversy in the Philippines">testing controversy</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga">Caraga</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region">Davao Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic">Overseas Filipinos</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">West</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(country)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">Iran</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq">Iraq</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">Israel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan">Jordan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oman">Oman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar">Qatar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">Syria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">social impact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">economic impact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_education_shutdown" title="2020 United Kingdom education shutdown">education shutdown</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">England</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">London</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">Scotland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">Wales</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Crown dependencies
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_post-Soviet_states" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the post-Soviet states">Post-Soviet</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">Belarus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(country)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova">Moldova</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">government responses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea">Crimea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">Ukraine</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea">Crimea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Balkans</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Albania">Albania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">Serbia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_and_riots_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 protests and riots in Serbia">protests and riots</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Microstates</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra">Andorra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino" title="COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino">San Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco">Monaco</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a><br /><a href="/wiki/European_Free_Trade_Association" title="European Free Trade Association">EFTA countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austria">Austria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">Belgium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">Croatia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark">Denmark</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia">Estonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Finland">Finland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_%C3%85land_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Åland Islands">Åland Islands</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greece">Greece</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary">Hungary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">social impact</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdown_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy">lockdown</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia">Latvia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malta">Malta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norway">Norway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Poland">Poland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">Portugal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">Romania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias">Asturias</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">timeline</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central America</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belize">Belize</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras">Honduras</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">economic impact</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">Alberta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Ontario</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel Region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">Toronto</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec">Quebec</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal">Montreal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados">Barbados</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica">Dominica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li>
<li>Dutch Caribbean
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba">Aruba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li>
<li>Caribbean Netherlands
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saba">Saba</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>French West Indies
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada">Grenada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">Haiti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li>
<li>US insular areas
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">social impact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic impact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government response</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state and local government responses</a></li>
<li>Regional responses
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">S.F. Bay Area</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">impact</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">statistics</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland">Greenland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji">Fiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">Argentina</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">Chile</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">Colombia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana">Guyana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">Peru</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname">Suriname</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay">Uruguay</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay">timeline</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess">Diamond Princess</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess">Grand Princess</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS <i>Theodore Roosevelt</i></a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impacts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impacts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and<br />entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and cultural heritage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_events_affected_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of events affected by the COVID-19 pandemic">Events affected</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">association football</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">cricket</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">disc golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">motorsport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">NBA</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society<br /> and rights</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="COVID-19 pandemic on social media">social media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">stigma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_party" title="Coronavirus party">COVID-19 parties</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the United States</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></li>
<li>Legal
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">abortion in the U.S.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">domestic violence</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">prisons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_US_immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in US immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of incidents of xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation">Aviation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_airlines" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on airlines">Airlines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Travel_restrictions_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Misinformation_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Misinformation related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Misinformation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_anti-lockdown_protests" title="2020 United States anti-lockdown protests">U.S.</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic-related_famines" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic-related famines">Famine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Problems and<br />restrictions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Falsified medical methods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_COVID-19" title="Management of COVID-19">Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">medical oxygen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">ventilator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator" title="Open-source ventilator">open-source ventilator</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_overwhelmed_health_care_systems_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="List of overwhelmed health care systems in the COVID-19 pandemic">Overwhelmed health care systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raise_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19-related health issues</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_Severity_Assessment_Framework" title="Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework">Pandemic Severity Assessment Framework</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Emergency_of_International_Concern" title="Public Health Emergency of International Concern">Public Health Emergency of International Concern</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Non-pharmaceutical_intervention" title="Non-pharmaceutical intervention">Non-pharmaceutical intervention</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Measures</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/N95_mask" title="N95 mask">N95</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">breathalyzer</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Coronavirus apps</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nearby_Spot" title="Nearby Spot">Nearby Spot</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immunity_passport" title="Immunity passport">Immunity passports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater_surveillance" title="Wastewater surveillance">Wastewater surveillance</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treatments<br />and research</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019#Post-infection_treatments" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">Treatment research</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccine research</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gam-COVID-Vac" title="Gam-COVID-Vac">Sputnik V</a> (Russia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals and<br />related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_Hospital" title="Fangcang Hospital">Fangcang Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">COVID-19 Hospital in Mumbai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Coronavirus_Field_Hospital" title="Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital">Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/We_Heal_As_One_Center" title="We Heal As One Center">We Heal As One Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospitals" title="NHS Nightingale Hospitals">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">NHS Nightingale Hospital London</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">NHS Nightingale Hospital North East</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">NHS Nightingale Hospital North West</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan_Hospital" title="NHS Louisa Jordan Hospital">NHS Louisa Jordan Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Epidemic_Preparedness_Innovations" title="Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations">Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic">World Health Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%27_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations' response to the COVID-19 pandemic">United Nations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_in_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of United Nations resolutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic">resolutions</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Tech_Handbook" title="Coronavirus Tech Handbook">Coronavirus Tech Handbook</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_on_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Solidarity_Response_Fund" title="COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund">COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund" title="MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund">MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_Advisory_Group_for_Emergencies" title="Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies">SAGE</a> (UK)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet (Australia)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Coordination_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="National COVID-19 Coordination Commission">National COVID-19 Coordination Commission</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/UN_COVID-19_Supply_Chain_Task_Force" title="UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force">UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force</a> (WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board_(Turkey)" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (Korea)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical professionals</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li-Meng_Yan" title="Li-Meng Yan">Li-Meng Yan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Luc Montagnier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom" title="Tedros Adhanom">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Atlas" title="Scott Atlas">Scott Atlas</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Borrelli" title="Angelo Borrelli">Angelo Borrelli</a> (Italy)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shan-chwen_Chang" title="Shan-chwen Chang">Shan-chwen Chang</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jung_Eun-kyeong" title="Jung Eun-kyeong">Jung Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Syra_Madad" title="Syra Madad">Syra Madad</a> (NYC)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ih-Jen_Su" title="Ih-Jen Su">Ih-Jen Su</a> (Taiwan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom" title="Captain Tom">Captain Tom</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Confirmed_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision</a></li>
<li>WHO situation reports
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">Lockdowns</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns#China" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">Mainland China</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Algeria_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Algeria medical cases (page does not exist)">Algeria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Algeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Algeria medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Angola_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Angola medical cases (page does not exist)">Angola</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Angola_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Angola medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burkina Faso medical cases (page does not exist)">Burkina Faso</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burkina Faso medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burundi_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burundi medical cases (page does not exist)">Burundi</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burundi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burundi medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cameroon_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cameroon medical cases (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cameroon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cameroon medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases (page does not exist)">Egypt</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Eswatini_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Eswatini medical cases (page does not exist)">Eswatini</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Eswatini_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Eswatini medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ethiopia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ethiopia medical cases (page does not exist)">Ethiopia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ethiopia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ethiopia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases">Ghana</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ivory Coast medical cases (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ivory Coast medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kenya_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kenya medical cases (page does not exist)">Kenya</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kenya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kenya medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malawi_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malawi medical cases (page does not exist)">Malawi</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malawi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malawi medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mali_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mali medical cases (page does not exist)">Mali</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mali_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mali medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritania_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritania medical cases (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritania medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritius_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritius medical cases (page does not exist)">Mauritius</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritius_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritius medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Morocco_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Morocco medical cases (page does not exist)">Morocco</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Morocco_medical_cases_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Morocco medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases">Nigeria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Senegal_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Senegal medical cases (page does not exist)">Senegal</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Senegal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Senegal medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sierra Leone medical cases (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sierra Leone medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases">South Africa</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Sudan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Sudan medical cases (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Sudan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tanzania_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tanzania medical cases (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tanzania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tanzania medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Togo_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Togo medical cases (page does not exist)">Togo</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Togo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Togo medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tunisia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tunisia medical cases (page does not exist)">Tunisia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tunisia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tunisia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Argentina_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Argentina medical cases">Argentina</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Argentina_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Argentina medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bolivia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bolivia medical cases">Bolivia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bolivia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bolivia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brazil_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brazil medical cases">Brazil</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brazil_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brazil medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases">Canada</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases by province">by province</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases">Chile</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases_by_commune" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases by commune">by commune</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Colombia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Colombia medical cases (page does not exist)">Colombia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Colombia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Colombia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases">Costa Rica</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cuba_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cuba medical cases (page does not exist)">Cuba</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cuba_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cuba medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Dominican Republic medical cases (page does not exist)">Dominican Republic</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Dominican Republic medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ecuador_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ecuador medical cases (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ecuador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ecuador medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/El_Salvador_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/El Salvador medical cases (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/El_Salvador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/El Salvador medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Guatemala_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Guatemala_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Haiti_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Haiti medical cases (page does not exist)">Haiti</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Haiti_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Haiti medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Honduras_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Honduras medical cases (page does not exist)">Honduras</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Honduras_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Honduras medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases">Mexico</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nicaragua_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nicaragua medical cases (page does not exist)">Nicaragua</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nicaragua_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nicaragua medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Panama_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Panama medical cases (page does not exist)">Panama</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Panama_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Panama medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Paraguay_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Paraguay medical cases">Paraguay</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Paraguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Paraguay medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Peru_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Peru medical cases">Peru</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Peru_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Peru medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases">United States</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state">by state</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uruguay_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uruguay medical cases (page does not exist)">Uruguay</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uruguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uruguay medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Venezuela_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Venezuela medical cases (page does not exist)">Venezuela</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Venezuela_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Venezuela medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases (page does not exist)">Armenia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases">Bhutan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases">Brunei</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province">Mainland China</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases">aggregate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases (page does not exist)">Georgia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_by_state_and_union_territory" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases by state and union territory">India</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases">Indonesia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases">Iran</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases (page does not exist)">Iraq</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases">Israel</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases">Japan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases (page does not exist)">Jordan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_dat/Kazakhstan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic dat/Kazakhstan medical cases (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases">South Korea</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases">Kuwait</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data_in_Kuwait/Charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data in Kuwait/Charts">graph</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases">Laos</a>
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases chart (page does not exist)">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases">Malaysia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases">Myanmar</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases">Nepal</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_by_province_and_district" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases by province and district">by district</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_PCR_tests_by_laboratory" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal PCR tests by laboratory">PCR tests</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases">Oman</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases">Pakistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Palestine_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Palestine medical cases (page does not exist)">Palestine</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Palestine_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Palestine medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases">Philippines</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases summary">summary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_coronavirus_quarantines" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines coronavirus quarantines">areas of quarantine</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases (page does not exist)">Qatar</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Asia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Asia medical cases">Russia/North Asia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases (page does not exist)">Singapore</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases (page does not exist)">Syria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases">Tajikistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases">Thailand</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases by province">by province</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases">United Arab Emirates</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases">Uzbekistan</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases (page does not exist)">Yemen</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Europe_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Europe medical cases">Europe</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Europe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Europe medical cases chart">chart</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Albania_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Albania medical cases (page does not exist)">Albania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Albania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Albania medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases">Austria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belarus_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belarus medical cases (page does not exist)">Belarus</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belarus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belarus medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases">Belgium</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases (page does not exist)">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases">Bulgaria</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Croatia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Croatia medical cases (page does not exist)">Croatia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Croatia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Croatia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Czech_Republic_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Czech Republic medical cases (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Czech_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Czech Republic medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Denmark_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Denmark medical cases">Denmark</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Denmark_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Denmark medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Estonia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Estonia medical cases">Estonia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Estonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Estonia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Finland_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Finland medical cases (page does not exist)">Finland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Finland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Finland medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases">France</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Germany_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Germany medical cases">Germany</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Germany_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Germany medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Greece_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Greece medical cases (page does not exist)">Greece</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Greece_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Greece medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hungary_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hungary medical cases">Hungary</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hungary_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hungary medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases">Iceland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases">Ireland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases">Italy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kosovo_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kosovo medical cases (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kosovo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kosovo medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Latvia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Latvia medical cases">Latvia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Latvia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Latvia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lithuania_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lithuania medical cases">Lithuania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lithuania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lithuania medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luxembourg_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luxembourg medical cases (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luxembourg_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luxembourg medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malta_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malta medical cases (page does not exist)">Malta</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malta_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malta medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Moldova_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Moldova medical cases (page does not exist)">Moldova</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Moldova_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Moldova medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Monaco_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Monaco medical cases (page does not exist)">Monaco</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Monaco_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Monaco medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Montenegro_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Montenegro medical cases (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Montenegro_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Montenegro medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Netherlands_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Netherlands medical cases">Netherlands</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Netherlands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Netherlands medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Macedonia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Macedonia medical cases (page does not exist)">North Macedonia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Macedonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Macedonia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases">Norway</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases">Poland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases">Portugal</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases">Romania</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases">Russia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/San_Marino_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/San Marino medical cases (page does not exist)">San Marino</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/San_Marino_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/San Marino medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Serbia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Serbia medical cases (page does not exist)">Serbia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Serbia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Serbia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases">Slovakia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_by_region" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases by region">by region</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovenia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovenia medical cases">Slovenia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovenia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Spain_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Spain medical cases">Spain</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Spain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Spain medical cases chart">chart</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Asturias_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Asturias medical cases chart">Asturias</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Community_of_Madrid_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Community of Madrid medical cases chart">Community of Madrid</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases">Sweden</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Switzerland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Switzerland medical cases">Switzerland</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Switzerland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Switzerland medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases by province">by province</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ukraine_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ukraine medical cases (page does not exist)">Ukraine</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ukraine_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ukraine medical cases chart">chart</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Donetsk People's Republic medical cases chart">Donetsk People's Republic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luhansk People's Republic medical cases chart">Luhansk People's Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom medical cases">United Kingdom</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom/Scotland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom/Scotland medical cases">Scotland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vatican_City_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vatican City medical cases (page does not exist)">Vatican City</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vatican_City_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vatican City medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia medical cases">Australia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia medical cases chart">chart</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_cases_by_state/territory" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory">by state/territory</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Fiji_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases (page does not exist)">Fiji</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Fiji_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/French_Polynesia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/French Polynesia medical cases (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/French_Polynesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/French Polynesia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Caledonia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Caledonia medical cases (page does not exist)">New Caledonia</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Caledonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Caledonia medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Zealand_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Zealand medical cases (page does not exist)">New Zealand</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Zealand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Zealand medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Papua New Guinea medical cases (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Papua New Guinea medical cases chart">chart</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>Cruise ships
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Diamond_Princess_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Diamond Princess medical cases">Diamond Princess</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" title="Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Category</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Portal:Coronavirus disease 2019">Portal</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pandemics,_epidemics_and_notable_disease_outbreaks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Epidemics" title="Template:Epidemics"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Epidemics" title="Template talk:Epidemics"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Epidemics&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pandemics,_epidemics_and_notable_disease_outbreaks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemics</a> and notable <a href="/wiki/Disease_outbreak" title="Disease outbreak">disease outbreaks</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_List_of_epidemics">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epidemics" title="List of epidemics">List of epidemics</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Local</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Athens" title="Plague of Athens">Plague of Athens</a> (429–426 BC)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Plague" title="Antonine Plague">Antonine Plague</a> (165–180)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Cyprian" title="Plague of Cyprian">Plague of Cyprian</a> (250–266)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_plague_pandemic" title="First plague pandemic">First plague pandemic</a> (541–767)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Justinian" title="Plague of Justinian">Plague of Justinian</a> (541–542)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Plague_of_590" title="Roman Plague of 590">Roman Plague</a> (590)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Sheroe" title="Plague of Sheroe">Plague of Sheroe</a> (627–628)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_Amwas" title="Plague of Amwas">Plague of Amwas</a> (638–639)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plague_of_664" title="Plague of 664">Plague of 664</a> (664–689)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/735%E2%80%93737_Japanese_smallpox_epidemic" title="735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic">Japanese smallpox</a> (735–737)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> (1347–1351)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweating_sickness" title="Sweating sickness">Sweating sickness</a> (1485–1551)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern history">Early modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="16th_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1510_influenza_pandemic" title="1510 influenza pandemic">Influenza pandemic</a> (1510)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_smallpox_in_Mexico" title="History of smallpox in Mexico">Mexican smallpox</a> (1520)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1557_influenza_pandemic" title="1557 influenza pandemic">Influenza pandemic</a> (1557–1559)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1563_London_plague" title="1563 London plague">London plague</a> (1563–1564)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1592%E2%80%931593_Malta_plague_epidemic" title="1592–1593 Malta plague epidemic">Maltese plague</a> (1592–1593)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1592%E2%80%931593_London_plague" title="1592–1593 London plague">London plague</a> (1592–1593)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="17th_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1629%E2%80%931631_Italian_plague" title="1629–1631 Italian plague">Italian plague</a> (1629–1631)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_smallpox_epidemic" title="Massachusetts smallpox epidemic">Massachusetts smallpox</a> (1633)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_Seville" title="Great Plague of Seville">Great Plague of Seville</a> (1647–1652)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naples_Plague_(1656)" title="Naples Plague (1656)">Naples Plague (1656)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London" title="Great Plague of London">Great Plague of London</a> (1665–1666)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1675%E2%80%931676_Malta_plague_epidemic" title="1675–1676 Malta plague epidemic">Maltese plague</a> (1675–1676)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_Vienna" title="Great Plague of Vienna">Great Plague of Vienna</a> (1679)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="18th_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War_plague_outbreak" title="Great Northern War plague outbreak">Great Northern War plague</a> (1710–1712)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_Marseille" title="Great Plague of Marseille">Great Plague of Marseille</a> (1720–1722)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plague_of_1738" title="Great Plague of 1738">Great Plague of 1738</a> (1738)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1770%E2%80%931772_Russian_plague" title="1770–1772 Russian plague">Russian plague</a> (1770–1772)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1772%E2%80%931773_Persian_Plague" title="1772–1773 Persian Plague">Persian Plague</a> (1772)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1775%E2%80%931782_North_American_smallpox_epidemic" title="1775–1782 North American smallpox epidemic">North American smallpox</a> (1780–1782)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1793_Philadelphia_yellow_fever_epidemic" title="1793 Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic">Yellow fever</a> (1793–1798)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="19th_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1812%E2%80%931819_Ottoman_plague_epidemic" title="1812–1819 Ottoman plague epidemic">Ottoman plague</a> (1812–1819)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1813%E2%80%931814_Malta_plague_epidemic" title="1813–1814 Malta plague epidemic">Maltese plague</a> (1813–1814)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caragea%27s_plague" title="Caragea's plague">Caragea's plague</a> (1813)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Groningen_epidemic" title="Groningen epidemic">Groningen epidemic</a> (1829)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1837_Great_Plains_smallpox_epidemic" title="1837 Great Plains smallpox epidemic">Great Plains smallpox</a> (1837–1838)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1847_North_American_typhus_epidemic" title="1847 North American typhus epidemic">Typhus</a> (1847–1848)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1853_Copenhagen_cholera_outbreak" title="1853 Copenhagen cholera outbreak">Copenhagen cholera</a> (1853)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1853_Stockholm_cholera_outbreak" title="1853 Stockholm cholera outbreak">Stockholm cholera</a> (1853)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak" title="1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak">Broad Street cholera</a> (1854)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="20th_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_plague" title="Manchurian plague">Manchurian plague</a> (1910–1911)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1924_Los_Angeles_pneumonic_plague_outbreak" title="1924 Los Angeles pneumonic plague outbreak">LA pneumonic plague</a> (1924)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Croydon_typhoid_outbreak_of_1937" title="Croydon typhoid outbreak of 1937">Croydon typhoid</a> (1937)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1972_Yugoslav_smallpox_outbreak" title="1972 Yugoslav smallpox outbreak">Yugoslav smallpox</a> (1972)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/London_flu" title="London flu">London flu</a> (1972–1973)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1974_smallpox_epidemic_in_India" title="1974 smallpox epidemic in India">Indian smallpox</a> (1974)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_plague_in_India" title="1994 plague in India">Surat plague</a> (1994)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%931999_Malaysia_Nipah_virus_outbreak" title="1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak">Malaysian Nipah virus</a> (1998–1999)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="21st_century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_dengue_outbreak_in_Singapore" title="2005 dengue outbreak in Singapore">Singaporean dengue</a> (2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2006_dengue_outbreak_in_India" title="2006 dengue outbreak in India">Indian dengue</a> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_chikungunya" title="Epidemiology of chikungunya">Chikungunya outbreaks</a> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2006_dengue_outbreak_in_Pakistan" title="2006 dengue outbreak in Pakistan">Pakistani dengue</a> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraq_cholera_outbreak" title="2007 Iraq cholera outbreak">Iraqi cholera</a> (2007)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2008_Zimbabwean_cholera_outbreak" title="2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak">Zimbabwean cholera</a> (2008–2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2009_Bolivian_dengue_fever_epidemic" title="2009 Bolivian dengue fever epidemic">Bolivian dengue</a> (2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2009_Gujarat_hepatitis_outbreak" title="2009 Gujarat hepatitis outbreak">Gujarat hepatitis</a> (2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%932010_West_African_meningitis_outbreak" title="2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak">W. African meningitis</a> (2009–2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2010s_Haiti_cholera_outbreak" title="2010s Haiti cholera outbreak">Haiti cholera</a> (2010–2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2011_dengue_outbreak_in_Pakistan" title="2011 dengue outbreak in Pakistan">Pakistani dengue</a> (2011)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2012_yellow_fever_outbreak_in_Darfur,_Sudan" title="2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan">Darfur yellow fever</a> (2012)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2013_Swansea_measles_epidemic" title="2013 Swansea measles epidemic">Swansea measles</a> (2013)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic" title="Western African Ebola virus epidemic">Western African Ebola</a> (2013–2016)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2014_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Ebola_virus_outbreak" title="2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak">DR Congo Ebola</a> (2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_Madagascar_plague_outbreaks" title="21st century Madagascar plague outbreaks">Madagascar plague</a> (2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2014_Odisha_jaundice_outbreak" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Odisha jaundice outbreak">Odisha jaundice</a> (2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Polio_eradication#2011–2015" title="Polio eradication">Polio declaration</a> (2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2015_Indian_swine_flu_outbreak" title="2015 Indian swine flu outbreak">Indian swine flu</a> (2015)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2015_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak_in_South_Korea" title="2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea">South Korean MERS</a> (2015)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Angola_and_DR_Congo_yellow_fever_outbreak" title="2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak">Angolan yellow fever</a> (2016)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932020_Yemen_cholera_outbreak" title="2016–2020 Yemen cholera outbreak">Yemeni cholera</a> (2016–2020)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Gorakhpur_hospital_deaths" title="2017 Gorakhpur hospital deaths">Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis</a> (2017)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_outbreak" title="2018 Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak">Saudi Arabian MERS</a> (2018)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Nipah_virus_outbreak_in_Kerala" title="2018 Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala">Kerala Nipah virus</a> (2018)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_%C3%89quateur_province_Ebola_outbreak" title="2018 Équateur province Ebola outbreak">Équateur province Ebola</a> (2018)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_Ebola_epidemic" title="Kivu Ebola epidemic">Kivu Ebola</a> (2018–2020)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Madagascar_measles_outbreak" title="2018 Madagascar measles outbreak">Madagascar measles</a> (2018)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Samoa_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Samoa measles outbreak">Samoa measles</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Philippines_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Philippines measles outbreak">Philippine measles</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Pacific_Northwest_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Pacific Northwest measles outbreak">Pacific NW measles</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_New_York_measles_outbreak" title="2019 New York measles outbreak">New York measles</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kuala_Koh_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Kuala Koh measles outbreak">Kuala Koh measles</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tonga_measles_outbreak" title="2019 Tonga measles outbreak">Tonga measles</a> (2019)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_measles_outbreak_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="2019–2020 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">DRC measles</a> (2019–present)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_New_Zealand_measles_outbreak" title="2019–2020 New Zealand measles outbreak">New Zealand measles</a> (2019–present)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/1510_influenza_pandemic" title="1510 influenza pandemic">Influenza pandemic</a> (1510)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1557_influenza_pandemic" title="1557 influenza pandemic">Influenza pandemic</a> (1557–1559)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Second_plague_pandemic" title="Second plague pandemic">Second plague pandemic</a> (1348–19th century)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1817%E2%80%931824_cholera_pandemic" title="1817–1824 cholera pandemic">First cholera pandemic</a> (1816–1826)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1826%E2%80%931837_cholera_pandemic" title="1826–1837 cholera pandemic">Second cholera pandemic</a> (1829–1851)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1846%E2%80%931860_cholera_pandemic" title="1846–1860 cholera pandemic">Third cholera pandemic</a> (1852–1860)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Third_plague_pandemic" title="Third plague pandemic">Third plague pandemic</a> (1855–1960)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1863%E2%80%931875_cholera_pandemic" title="1863–1875 cholera pandemic">Fourth cholera pandemic</a> (1863–1879)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1881%E2%80%931896_cholera_pandemic" title="1881–1896 cholera pandemic">Fifth cholera pandemic</a> (1881–1896)</span></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1889%E2%80%931890_flu_pandemic" title="1889–1890 flu pandemic">1889 flu</a> (1889–1890)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">Sixth cholera pandemic</a> (1899–1923)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a> (1918–1920)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1957%E2%80%931958_influenza_pandemic" title="1957–1958 influenza pandemic">Asian flu</a> (1957–1958)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/1961%E2%80%931975_cholera_pandemic" title="1961–1975 cholera pandemic">Seventh cholera pandemic</a> (1961–1975)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_flu" title="Hong Kong flu">Hong Kong flu</a> (1968–1970)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS" title="Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a> (1981–present)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%932004_SARS_outbreak" title="2002–2004 SARS outbreak">SARS</a> (2002–2004)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Avian_influenza" title="Avian influenza">Bird flu</a> (2003–2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mumps_outbreaks_in_the_21st_century" title="Mumps outbreaks in the 21st century">Mumps</a> (2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/21st_century_Madagascar_plague_outbreaks" title="21st century Madagascar plague outbreaks">Madagascar plague</a> (2008–2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic" title="2009 swine flu pandemic">Swine flu</a> (2009–2010)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2012_Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_outbreak" title="2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak">MERS</a> (2012–2015)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_chikungunya_outbreak" title="2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak">Chikungunya</a> (2013–2014)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Zika_virus_epidemic" title="2015–2016 Zika virus epidemic">Zika</a> (2015–2016)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">COVID-19</a> (2019–present)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:175px"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on<br />Wikipedia's</span><br /><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:COVID-19_pandemic" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:COVID-19 pandemic">Media</a><br />from Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/38px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Special:Search/COVID-19">Species directories</a><br />from Wikispecies</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/30px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/45px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Travel guides</a><br />from Wikivoyage</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/COVID-19">News stories</a><br />from Wikinews</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/COVID-19">Definitions</a><br />from Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/COVID-19">Textbooks</a><br />from Wikibooks</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19_pandemic" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/COVID-19 pandemic">Quotations</a><br />from Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/COVID-19">Source texts</a><br />from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/COVID-19">Learning resources</a><br />from Wikiversity</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="17" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/COVID-19" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/COVID-19">Data</a><br />from Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid-19-pandemie" title="Covid-19-pandemie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Alemannisch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-20_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%88%E1%88%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%88%BD%E1%8A%9D" title="2019-20 ኮሮናቫይረስ ወረርሽኝ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_2019%E2%80%9320" title="جائحة فيروس كورونا 2019–20 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="ক'ভিড-১৯ বৈশ্বিক মহামাৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_koronavirus_pandemiyas%C4%B1" title="COVID-19 koronavirus pandemiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019-2020" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019-2020 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E2%80%93%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="২০১৯–২০ করোনাভাইরাসের বৈশ্বিক মহামারী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_t%C5%8Da-li%C3%BB-h%C3%AAng" title="COVID-19 tōa-liû-hêng – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_COVID-19" title="Пандэмія COVID-19 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96_(2019)" title="Пандэмія каранавіруснай інфэкцыі (2019) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="2019–20 कोरोनावायरस महामारी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus-_Pagbungkaras_2019-20" title="Coronavirus- Pagbungkaras 2019-20 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_(2019_%E2%80%93_2020)" title="Пандемия от коронавирус (2019 – 2020) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏོག་དབྱིབས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རིམས་ནད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusa_2019/2020." title="Pandemija koronavirusa 2019/2020. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedreuziad_COVID-19_e_2019-2020" title="Bedreuziad COVID-19 e 2019-2020 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_per_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" title="Pandèmia per coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="COVID-19 пандеми – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_pandemya" title="Coronavirus pandemya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemie_covidu-19" title="Pandemie covidu-19 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemig_COVID-19" title="Pandemig COVID-19 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemien_i_2019-2020" title="Coronaviruspandemien i 2019-2020 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="२०१९-२० कोरोनाभाइरस महामारी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroonapandeemia" title="Koroonapandeemia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8A%CE%BF%CF%8D_2019%E2%80%9320" title="Πανδημία κορονοϊού 2019–20 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_enfermedad_por_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" title="Pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronvirusa_pandemio_de_2019-2020" title="Kronvirusa pandemio de 2019-2020 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemia" title="COVID-19 pandemia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دنیاگیری کروناویروس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mie_de_Covid-19" title="Pandémie de Covid-19 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paind%C3%A9im_C%C3%B3ivid-19" title="Paindéim Cóivid-19 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_por_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" title="Pandemia por coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_thai-li%C3%B9-h%C3%A0ng" title="COVID-19 thai-liù-hàng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B2%94%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89" title="코로나19 범유행 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="COVID-19 համավարակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="2019–20 कोरोनावायरस महामारी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusa_2019./20." title="Pandemija koronavirusa 2019./20. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_COVID-19" title="Pandemi COVID-19 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_coronavirus_2019-2020" title="Pandemia de coronavirus 2019-2020 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_se-Coronavirus_2019" title="Isifo se-Coronavirus 2019 – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isifo_seCoronavirus_2019" title="Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3r%C3%B3naveirufaraldur_2019-2020" title="Kórónaveirufaraldur 2019-2020 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_di_COVID-19_del_2019-2020" title="Pandemia di COVID-19 del 2019-2020 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="מגפת הקורונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pageblug_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Pageblug koronavirus 2019–2020 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_2019-2020" title="კორონავირუსის პანდემია 2019-2020 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlipuko_wa_virusi_vya_corona_2019-20" title="Mlipuko wa virusi vya corona 2019-20 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_kowonaviris_an_2019-2020" title="Pandemi kowonaviris an 2019-2020 – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belavb%C3%BBna_v%C3%AErusa_Koronay%C3%AA_2019-20" title="Belavbûna vîrusa Koronayê 2019-20 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="COVID-19 пандемиясы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%84%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%AA_2019-2020" title="ການລະບາດທົ່ວຂອງໂຄໂຣນາໄວຣັສ 2019-2020 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pand%C4%93mija" title="COVID-19 pandēmija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19-Pandemie" title="COVID-19-Pandemie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemija" title="COVID-19 pandemija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandem%C3%AEa_de_COVID-19_do_2019-2020" title="Pandemîa de COVID-19 do 2019-2020 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemica_de_coronavirus_de_2019-2020" title="Pandemica de coronavirus de 2019-2020 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19_del_2019-2020" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 del 2019-2020 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID%E2%80%9319-pand%C3%A9mia" title="COVID–19-pandémia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81_2019-2020" title="Пандемија на коронавирус 2019-2020 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D-19_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BF" title="കോവിഡ്-19 പകർച്ച വ്യാധി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_tal-COVID-19_tal-2019%E2%80%9320" title="Pandemija tal-COVID-19 tal-2019–20 – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95" title="२०१९-२०२० वुहान कोरोना व्हायरसचा उद्रेक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_2019%E2%80%932020" title="وباء فيروس كورونا 2019–2020 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemik_COVID-19" title="Pandemik COVID-19 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemi_koronavirus_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Pandemi koronavirus 2019–2020 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%C4%ADk-c%C3%ACng" title="COVID-19 ĭk-cìng – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%82%E1%81%80%E1%81%81%E1%81%89-%E1%81%82%E1%81%80_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="၂၀၁၉-၂၀ ကိုရိုနာဗိုင်းရပ်စ် ဖြစ်ပွားမှု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronapandemie" title="Coronapandemie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="२०१९-२० कोरोना भाइरस प्रकोप – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E7%97%87%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C_(2019%E5%B9%B4-)" title="新型コロナウイルス感染症の流行 (2019年-) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemien_i_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Koronaviruspandemien i 2019–2020 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavirusutbrotet_i_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Koronavirusutbrotet i 2019–2020 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemiyasi" title="COVID-19 pandemiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="2019–20 ਕੋਰੋਨਾਵਾਇਰਸ ਮਹਾਮਾਰੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_coronavirus_2019-2020" title="Pandemia coronavirus 2019-2020 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_COVID-19" title="Pandemia COVID-19 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_coronaviroz%C4%83_(COVID-19)" title="Pandemia de coronaviroză (COVID-19) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_Kurunawirus_lliw_unqurichiq" title="2019-2020 Kurunawirus lliw unqurichiq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_COVID-19" title="Пандемія коронавіруса COVID-19 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_COVID-19" title="Пандемия COVID-19 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="COVID-19 пандемията – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90%E1%B1%91%E1%B1%99-%E1%B1%92%E1%B1%90_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C_%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD" title="᱒᱐᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱫᱳᱹᱨᱞᱚᱭ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A8mia_de_COVID-19" title="Pandèmia de COVID-19 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefu_la_Coronavirus" title="Lefu la Coronavirus – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolwetse_jwa_Mogare_wa_Khorona_2019" title="Bolwetse jwa Mogare wa Khorona 2019 – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_e_COVID-19" title="Pandemia e COVID-19 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="2019–20 කොරෝනාවෛරස ව්යාප්ත වසංගතය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="2019–20 ڪوروناوائرس مها وبا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pand%C3%A9mia_koronav%C3%ADrusu_SARS-CoV-2" title="Pandémia koronavírusu SARS-CoV-2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusne_bolezni_2019" title="Pandemija koronavirusne bolezni 2019 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandymijo_COVID-19" title="Pandymijo COVID-19 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayraska_faafa_ee_Korona_2019%E2%80%9320" title="Fayraska faafa ee Korona 2019–20 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A4%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A9%E2%80%93%D9%A2%D9%A0" title="گشتگیربوونی ڤایرۆسی کۆرۆنای ٢٠١٩–٢٠ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_2019/20." title="Пандемија вируса корона 2019/20. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemija_koronavirusa_2019/20." title="Pandemija koronavirusa 2019/20. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronaviruspandemia_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Koronaviruspandemia 2019–2020 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronaviruspandemin_2019%E2%80%932020" title="Coronaviruspandemin 2019–2020 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_ng_COVID-19" title="Pandemya ng COVID-19 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-19_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="கோவிட்-19 பெருந்தொற்று – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwas_n_wa%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADan_n_Ku%E1%B9%9Bunavirus_2019-20" title="Arwas n waṭṭan n Kuṛunavirus 2019-20 – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF" title="2019–20 కరోనావైరస్ మహమ్మారి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2562%E2%80%932563" title="การระบาดทั่วของไวรัสโคโรนา พ.ศ. 2562–2563 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%93%E1%89%AB%E1%8B%AD%E1%88%A8%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%88%E1%89%A0%E1%8B%B3" title="2019-2020 ኮሮናቫይረስ ለበዳ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_COVID-19" title="Дунёгирии COVID-19 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vhulwadze_Ha_Coronavirus_2019" title="Vhulwadze Ha Coronavirus 2019 – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemisi" title="COVID-19 pandemisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korona_wirusy_(2019-2020)" title="Korona wirusy (2019-2020) – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yare%C9%9B_a_y%C9%9B_fr%C9%9B_no_Coronavirus" title="Yareɛ a yɛ frɛ no Coronavirus – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8_2019" title="Пандемія коронавірусної хвороби 2019 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%8C_2019%D8%A1_-_2020%D8%A1" title="کورونا وائرس کی عالمی وبا، 2019ء - 2020ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%AE%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%DB%8B%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B4%D9%89_%DB%8B%DB%95%D9%82%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89" title="2019-2020 ۋۇخەن تاجىسىمان ۋىرۇسنىڭ شىددەتلىك تارقىلىشى ۋەقەسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_de_COVID-19_del_2019-2020" title="Pandemia de COVID-19 del 2019-2020 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_d%E1%BB%8Bch_COVID-19" title="Đại dịch COVID-19 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B1%E4%BA%A5%E8%8D%86%E6%A5%9A%E5%A4%A7%E7%96%AB" title="己亥荆楚大疫 – Classical Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemya_nga_COVID-19" title="Pandemya nga COVID-19 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A0ngoro_Koronaawiris_2019" title="Jàngoro Koronaawiris 2019 – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E6%96%B0%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%A0%E7%8A%B6%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BD%93" title="2019新型冠状病毒肺炎事体 – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntungu_wa_Khorona_ya_2019" title="Ntungu wa Khorona ya 2019 – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93-19_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קאוויד-19 פאנדעמיק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80j%C3%A0k%C3%A1y%C3%A9-%C3%A0r%C3%B9n_%C3%A8r%C3%A0nk%C3%B2r%C3%B3n%C3%A0_%E1%BB%8Dd%C3%BAn_2019-2020" title="Àjàkáyé-àrùn èrànkòrónà ọdún 2019-2020 – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E%E5%A4%A7%E7%88%86%E7%99%BC" title="武漢肺炎大爆發 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemia_COVID-19y" title="Pandemia COVID-19y – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019-2020_m._Kuoruonas_v%C4%97rosa_ep%C4%97dem%C4%97j%C4%97" title="2019-2020 m. 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