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On June 25, 2022 at 11:35:07 PM UTC, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/same-sex-marriage-global-comparisons was accessible when tested on AS35805 in Georgia.

Failures

HTTP Experiment
null
DNS Experiment
null
Control
null

DNS Queries

Resolver:
91.151.130.117
Query:
IN A www.cfr.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
Answer IP Info
@
IN
A
104.18.9.238
AS13335 (Cloudflare, Inc.)
@
IN
A
104.18.8.238
AS13335 (Cloudflare, Inc.)
Query:
IN AAAA www.cfr.org
Engine:
system
Name
Class
TTL
Type
DATA
Answer IP Info
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700::6812:9ee
AS13335 (Cloudflare, Inc.)
@
IN
AAAA
2606:4700::6812:8ee
AS13335 (Cloudflare, Inc.)

TCP Connections

2606:4700::6812:8ee:443: failed (host_unreachable)
2606:4700::6812:9ee:443: failed (host_unreachable)
104.18.9.238:443: succeeded
104.18.8.238:443: succeeded

HTTP Requests

URL
GET https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/marriage-equality-global-comparisons
Response Headers
Access-Control-Allow-Headers:
x-requested-with, Content-Type, origin, authorization, accept, client-security-token
Access-Control-Allow-Methods:
POST, GET, OPTIONS
Access-Control-Allow-Origin:
*
Access-Control-Max-Age:
1000
Age:
10775
Cache-Control:
max-age=86400, public
Cf-Cache-Status:
DYNAMIC
Cf-Ray:
7211849cea429b9e-FRA
Content-Language:
en
Content-Type:
text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date:
Sat, 25 Jun 2022 23:35:09 GMT
Expect-Ct:
max-age=604800, report-uri="https://report-uri.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/beacon/expect-ct"
Expires:
Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT
Last-Modified:
Sat, 25 Jun 2022 20:35:32 GMT
Link:
<https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/marriage-equality-global-comparisons>; rel="canonical", <//cdn.cfr.org>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin, <//cdn.cfr.org>; rel=dns-prefetch
Permissions-Policy:
interest-cohort=()
Server:
cloudflare
Traceparent:
00-ea90486445434f39a5f8bee3abfbe5bb-f87da1155d5b3e65-00
Vary:
Accept-Encoding, Cookie, Cookie, Cookie
Via:
1.1 varnish, 1.1 varnish
X-Cache:
HIT, HIT
X-Cache-Hits:
1, 1
X-Cloud-Trace-Context:
ea90486445434f39a5f8bee3abfbe5bb/17905644806627606117;o=0
X-Content-Type-Options:
nosniff
X-Dns-Prefetch-Control:
on
X-Drupal-Cache:
MISS
X-Drupal-Dynamic-Cache:
MISS
X-Generator:
Drupal 9 (https://www.drupal.org)
X-Pantheon-Styx-Hostname:
styx-fe4-b-5fc44d9759-wddcw
X-Robots-Tag:
all
X-Served-By:
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X-Styx-Req-Id:
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X-Timer:
S1656200110.712439,VS0,VE3
X-Ua-Compatible:
IE=edge
Response Body
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JSC "Silknet"
Measurement UID
20220625233510.229101_GE_webconnectivity_c3870445eba2764f
Report ID
20220625T233117Z_webconnectivity_GE_35805_n1_YsrZaXquJDxbxhyh
Platform
macos
Software Name
ooniprobe-cli (3.13.0)
Measurement Engine
ooniprobe-engine (3.13.0)

Raw Measurement Data

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